Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2011
Volume 56, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 21–25, 2011; Dallas, Texas
Session B7: Superconductivity in Accelerators |
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Sponsoring Units: DPB Chair: Soren Prestemon, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Room: Ballroom C3 |
Monday, March 21, 2011 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
B7.00001: Superconducting Accelerator Structures: An Historical Overview Invited Speaker: In 1961 I began doing active research on RF superconducting cavities at the High Energy Physics Laboratory (HEPL) at Stanford University. At that time there were already nascent research programs exploring superconducting cavities at four other laboratories around the world, including the one at the Stanford physics department. However, all attempts to produce a substantial accelerating field in a superconducting cavity had failed. Since a cavity that is capable of acceleration always has a surface electric field, I decided that my first research effort would be to build and test a cavity with only a magnetic field at the surface. The frequency would need to be 2856 MHz, that of the electron linac at HEPL, so that available instrumentation could be used. In order to have only a magnetic field at the surface, the cavity would have to operate in the so-called TE mode. But there was a problem: at 2856 MHz such a cavity would be considerably larger than the single-cell accelerating mode cavities previously built at the Stanford physics department. In collaboration with the low temperature physics group in the Stanford physics department, a larger electroplating facility was built that was capable of handling the cylindrical cavity body and two end plates. The initial measurements gave stunning results: a Q factor of about 10$^{8}$ at 4\r{ }K for a lead-plated cavity was obtained, and there was no degradation in Q up to a surface magnetic field of about 10 mT, (limited by the oscillator power). The results were published in 1963. Experimentation on superconducting accelerator cavities increased rapidly in the decade or so following this initial success. Successful niobium TM-mode (accelerating mode) cavities were built with Q's of about 10$^{11}$. Within a few years the multipactor problem in accelerating cavities was solved by changing the shape of the outer boundary. The initial impetus for superconducting accelerator research at Stanford was to design and build a long pulse superconducting linac with an energy of about one GeV. Such a linac has still not been realized, but in the years from 1970 to 1990 there have been successful applications of RF superconducting structures to storage rings, rf separators, drive linacs for FEL's, and heavy ion accelerators. The evolution superconducting structures and their applications, as outlined above, will be discussed in more detail in my talk [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
B7.00002: Superconductors for superconducting magnets Invited Speaker: Even in 1913 Kamerlingh Onnes envisioned the use of superconductors to create powerful magnetic fields well beyond the capability provided by cooling normal metals with liquid helium. Only some ``bad places'' in his Hg and Pb wires seemed to impede his first attempts at this dream, one that he imagined would be resolved in a few weeks of effort. In fact, of course, resolution required another 50 years and development of both a true understanding of the difference between type I and type II superconductors and the discovery of compounds such as Nb$_{3}$Sn that could remain superconducting to fields as high as 30 T. And then indeed, starting in the 1960s, Onnes's dreams were comfortably surpassed. In the last 45 years virtually all superconducting magnets have been made from just two Nb-base materials, Nb-Ti and Nb$_{3}$Sn. Now it seems that a new generation of magnets based on cuprate high temperature superconductors with fields well above 30 T are possible using Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and the RE-Ba-Cu-O compounds. We hope that a first demonstration of this possibility will be an all-superconducting 32 T magnet with RE-Ba-Cu-O insert that we are building for NHMFL users. The magnet application potential of this new generation of superconducting conductors will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
B7.00003: State of the art superconducting magnet development Invited Speaker: This abstract not available. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
B7.00004: RF Superconductivity: the ultimate limit Invited Speaker: This abstract not available. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
B7.00005: Cryogenic Systems: Recent Trends and New Directions Invited Speaker: The production of reliable cryogenic temperatures is vital for the use of superconductivity in accelerators. Cryogenics is found in the accelerating structures and magnets of the accelerator as well as in the magnets and calorimeters of the detectors in the experimental areas. In the century since the discovery of superconductivity, cryogenic systems have gone from small laboratory devices to very large industrial scale systems involving multiple refrigeration plants, containing over 100 tonnes of liquid helium. These systems, while specialized, represent a mature, well understood technology. This paper will survey the current status of cryogenic systems in accelerators and describe recent trends including: the large scale use of He II (superfluid helium) and the development of higher reliability and higher efficiency systems. It will also discuss future directions including the increased use of HiTc current leads, possible applications for small cryocoolers and the potential impact of the world helium supply on accelerator cryogenics. [Preview Abstract] |
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