Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2011
Volume 56, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 21–25, 2011; Dallas, Texas
Session V32: Photonics: Metamaterials, Nanotechnology and Sensors |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Zhifeng Ren, Boston College Room: C144 |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
V32.00001: Topological photonic systems: from integer to fractional quantum Hall states Mohammad Hafezi, Mikhail Lukin, Eugene Demler, Jacob Taylor Topological properties of systems lead to remarkable robustness against disorder. The hallmark of such behavior is the quantized quantum Hall effect, where the electronic transport in two-dimensional systems is protected against scattering from impurities and the quantized Hall conductance is the manifestation of a topological invariance. Here we suggest an analogous approach to quantum Hall physics to create robust photonic devices. Specifically, we show how quantum Hall and quantum spin Hall Hamiltonians can be implemented with linear optics using coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW) in two dimensions. Key features of quantum Hall systems could be observed via reflection spectroscopy, including the characteristic Hofstadter ``butterfly'' and edge state transport. Furthermore, the addition of an optical non- linearity to our proposed system leads to the possibility of implementing a fractional quantum Hall state of photons, where phenomenon such as non-abelian statistics may be observable. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
V32.00002: Analytical and numerical analysis of a generic cloaking system Pattabhiraju Mundru, Dentcho Genov We present a technique to realize a multi-shell generic cloaking system. By considering specific geometrical and material properties for the shells around the object, we were able to achieve a transparency conditions independent of object's optical properties in quasi-static regime. A complete suppression of dipolar scattering is demonstrated for an arbitrary object enclosed in such a system. We propose \textit{tunable-low loss} realistic shell designs based on composite media and the effect of dispersion on the overall scattering cross-section is evaluated. Full wave analytical and numerical simulations based on the transparency conditions obtained in the quasi-static limit are performed. It is shown that strong reduction of the scattering by a factor of up to $10^3$ can be achieved across the entire optical spectrum. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
V32.00003: Optical spin-orbit coupling and Darwin terms in epsilon-near-zero materials Andrew Cook, Jens Noeckel In optical cavities formed from spatially inhomogeneous epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials, optical spin-orbit coupling can be made nearly isospectral to relativistic electron spin-orbit coupling in atoms; the only difference is that the 3x3 classical spin-orbit operator shifts transverse fields by a different integer amount than the quantum operator. When the electric field is rescaled to account for unequal dispersive energy density in the electric and magnetic field quadratures, Maxwell's equations give a Darwin term with the same form as in quantum mechanical systems. These classical/QM similarities, combined with a pronounced importance of the Kerr nonlinearity, make ENZ materials ideal for coaxing electron-like behavior from light. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
V32.00004: Design of Optical Microcavities for Coupling to Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Jenna Hagemeier, Toeno van der Sar, Susanna Thon, Hyochul Kim, Dustin Kleckner, Wolfgang Pfaff, Erwin Heeres, Tjerk Oosterkamp, Pierre Petroff, Ronald Hanson, Dirk Bouwmeester Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as promising candidates for solid state qubits. When placed in a confined optical field, such as exists in an optical microcavity, the properties of single quantum emitters can be drastically modified. In the weak coupling regime, the rate of spontaneous light emission from the quantum emitter can be enhanced via the Purcell effect. We demonstrate deterministic coupling between single NV centers and photonic crystal microcavities in Gallium Phosphide (GaP). Designs of novel optical cavities for coupling to NV centers in diamond will also be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
V32.00005: Radiation Tuning of Optical Nanoantennas for Design of Nanofilter Elements Marjan Saboktakin, Brian Edwards, Nader Engheta, Cherie Kagan We experimentally and numerically explore the radiation characteristics of optical nanoantennas. These nanoantennas are dipole antennas with dimensions on the order of several tens of nanometers that are fabricated to form lumped capacitance and Inductance through the use of sandwich structures made of dielectric and plasmonic-material layers. We then investigate tuning the response of these optical nanoantennas by varying the material and/or thickness of the dielectric layer.~ After each experiment, experimental results are compared with numerical simulations to verify the validity of the results. We then exploit these characteristics in building a ``lumped'' nanofiltering device, and thereby extending the concept of antennas and circuit elements such as filters from the microwave regime to the visible regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
V32.00006: Confined Three-Dimensional Plasmon Modes inside a Ring-Shaped Nanocavity on a Silver Film Imaged by Cathodoluminescence Microscopy Xinli Zhu, Jiasen Zhang, Jun Xu, Dapeng Yu The confined modes of surface plasmon polaritons in boxing ring-shaped nanocavities have been investigated and imaged by using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The mode of the out-of-plane field components of surface plasmon polaritons dominates the experimental mode patterns, indicating that the electron beam locally excites the out-of-plane field component of surface plasmon polaritons. Quality factors can be directly acquired from the spectra induced by the ultrasmooth surface of the cavity and the high reflectivity of the silver reflectors. Because of its three-dimensional confined characteristics and the omnidirectional reflectors, the nanocavity exhibits a small modal volume, small total volume, rich resonant modes, and flexibility in mode control. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
V32.00007: Novel meta-surfaces for wave manipulation Shulin Sun, Qiong He, Shiyi Xiao, Qin Xu, Lei Zhou Meta-materials are man-made electromagnetic (EM) materials composed by subwavelength local resonance structures of electric and/or magnetic type, and thus possess arbitrary values of permittivity and permeability dictated by such resonance structures. Many novel EM properties, such as the negative refraction, the superlensing effect, and even the invisibility cloaking were predicted or discovered based on meta-materials. By carefully designing metamaterials with appropriate EM wave properties, one can employ metamaterials to efficiently manipulate various properties of EM waves, including the wave propagation, polarization, and so on. Here, we present our latest theoretical and experimental efforts in designing novel meta-surfaces (ultra-thin metamaterials) with anomalous EM wave properties to allow efficiently manipulating wave propagation directions. Furthermore, our system can also convert propagating wave to surface plasmon polariton. Microwave experiments are performed on realistic structures to successfully realize the theoretical predictions, and the obtained results are in agreements with FDTD simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
V32.00008: Percolation and polaritonic effects in periodic planar nanostructures evolving from holes to islands Yun Peng, Trilochan Paudel, Wen-Chen Chen, Willie Padilla, Zhifeng Ren, Kris Kemper We study interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with a series of thin film periodic nanostructures evolving from holes to islands. We show, through model calculations, simulations and experiments, that the responses of these structures evolve accordingly, with two topologically distinct spectral types for holes and islands. We find also, that the response at the transitional pattern is singular. We show that the corresponding effective dielectric function follows the critical behavior predicted by the percolation theory, and thus the hole-to-island structural evolution in this series is a topological analog of the percolation problem, with the percolation threshold at the transitional pattern. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
V32.00009: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
V32.00010: An XPS study of gas phase interaction with Au nanoparticles coated TiO$_{2}$ nanosprings I. Niraula, B.A. Fouetio, D.N. McIlroy, T. Turba, M.G. Norton The interaction of CO and O$_{2 }$on the surface of the Au nanoparticles (NPs) supported on TiO$_{2 }$(Au/TiO$_{2})$ nanosprings (NS) by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy will be discussed. The Au NPs were coated onto the TiO$_{2 }$NS by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, where the average particle size is 7-8 nm. The gas interactions with the Au NPs is evaluated by examining binding energy shifts of the Au 4f, C 1s, Ti 2p and O 1s electron core level states. For both of the gases, all of the core levels shifted to higher binding energy. Temperature dependent desorption, or the lack thereof, as determined by XPS analysis, indicates that the gas-substrate interaction is chemisorption, as opposed to physisorption. A detailed discussion on the mechanism of adsorption, as well as the roles of the Au NP and the TiO$_{2}$ substrate, will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
V32.00011: Paper based Flexible and Conformal SERS Substrate for Rapid Trace Detection on Real-world Surfaces Srikanth Singamaneni, Chang Lee, Limei Tian One of the important but often overlooked considerations in the design of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for trace detection is the efficiency of sample collection. Conventional designs based on rigid substrates such as silicon, alumina, and glass resist conformal contact with the surface under investigation, making the sample collection inefficient. We demonstrate a novel SERS substrate based on common filter paper adsorbed with gold nanorods, which allows conformal contact with real-world surfaces, thus dramatically enhancing the sample collection efficiency compared to conventional rigid substrates. We demonstrate the detection of trace amounts of analyte (140 pg spread over 4 cm$^{2})$ by simply swabbing the surface under investigation with the novel SERS substrate. The hierarchical fibrous structure of paper serves as a 3D vasculature for easy uptake and transport of the analytes to the electromagnetic \textit{hot spots} in the paper. Simple yet highly efficient and cost effective SERS substrate demonstrated here brings SERS based trace detection closer to real-world applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
V32.00012: Sensitive detection of nitro aromatic explosives using novel polythiophene nanoparticles Soumitra Satapathi, B. Harihara Venkataraman, Akshay Kokil, Lian Li, Dhandapani Venkataraman, Jayant Kumar Fluorescent polythiophene nanoparticles were fabricated by surfactant assisted mini emulsion technique. The size distribution of the synthesized nanoparticles was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized nanoparticles were also characterized using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Strong two-photon induced fluorescence was observed from these nanoparticles using 800 nm pulses from a femto second laser. The fluorescence response of these nanoparticles to nitro-aromatic explosives 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in solution was investigated at different concentrations of the analytes. Strong fluorescence quenching was observed using both one photon and two-photon excitation source. The Stern Volmer constant is also higher. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2011 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
V32.00013: A novel nanostructure for ultrasensitive volatile organic compound sensing Huaizhou Zhao, Binod Rizal, Zhifeng Ren, Michael J. Naughton, Thomas C. Chiles, Dong Cai We have developed an arrayed nanocoaxial structure for the ultrasensitive sensing detection and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by dielectric impedance spectroscopy. VOC molecules are absorbed into porous dielectric material in the annulus between nanoscale coax electrodes. A theoretical expression for the basic adsorption mechanism agrees with the experimental results. Detection sensitivities at parts-per-billion levels were demonstrated for a variety of VOCs. A limit-of-detection of ethanol reached $\sim $100 parts-per-trillion, following a Freundlich power-law isotherm across four decades of ethanol concentration. A linear dependence on VOC dielectric constant was observed. Dielectric impedance nanospectroscopy was also performed by scanning frequency from 10 mHz to 1 MHz, with distinctive spectra of different VOCs discovered. These were utilized to conduct colorimetric identification of VOCs. The results suggest our novel nanocoaxial sensor can be used as a sensitive, broadband, and multimodal sensing platform for chemical detection. [Preview Abstract] |
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