Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2011
Volume 56, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 21–25, 2011; Dallas, Texas
Session D5: Industrial Physics Forum: Frontiers in Physics |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Ernesto Marinaro, Hitachi San Jose Research Laboratory Room: Ballroom C1 |
Monday, March 21, 2011 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
D5.00001: Controlling how atoms respond to ultra-intense x-ray radiation Invited Speaker: With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source, the world's first hard x-ray free electron laser, an era of exploration using ultrafast, ultra-intense x-ray pulses has arrived. One can deposit 100,000 x-ray photons into one square Angstrom within 100 fs, producing an electric field strength that exceeds that binding the electron in a hydrogen atom. How does matter respond under these conditions? Using neon atoms, we investigated the electronic response as the x-ray interaction is tuned from the outer to the inner shell. At photon energies above all inner-shell edges, fully stripped neon is produced via six-photon absorption. The route to bare neon proceeds through photoejection of 1s electrons that produces hollow atoms and an intensity-induced x-ray transparency. X-ray transparency can be induced in all atomic, molecular and condensed matter systems. Going beyond non-resonant x-ray atom interactions, we investigated the atomic response at inner-shell resonances and find evidence for x-ray induced Rabi cycling. These investigations provide a framework for understanding ultra-intense x-ray interactions with matter. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 3:06PM - 3:42PM |
D5.00002: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Dirac Fermions at mK Temperatures Invited Speaker: Since the beginning of the last century new frontiers in physics have emerged when advances in instrumentation achieved lower experimental operating temperatures. Notable examples include the discovery of superconductivity and the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. New experimental techniques are continually adapted in order to meet new experimental challenges. A case in point is scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) which has seen a wealth of new measurements emerge as cryogenic STM instruments have been developed in the last two decades. In this talk I describe the design, development and performance of a scanning probe microscopy facility operating at a base temperature of 10 mK in magnetic fields up to 15 T [1]. The microscope is cooled by a custom designed, fully ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible dilution refrigerator (DR) and is capable of in-situ tip and sample exchange. Sub-picometer stability at the tip-sample junction is achieved through three independent vibration isolation stages and careful design of the dilution refrigerator. The system can be connected to, or disconnected from, a network of interconnected auxiliary UHV chambers used for sample and probe tip preparation. Current measurements are focusing on Dirac fermions in graphene and in topological insulators. The history of the fractional quantum Hall states in semiconductor heterostructures suggests that studying graphene at lower temperatures and higher magnetic fields may reveal new quantum phases of matter. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of graphene at mK temperatures reveals the detailed structure of the degenerate Landau levels in graphene, resolving the full quartet of states corresponding to the lifting of the spin and valley dengeneracies [2]. When the Fermi level lies inside the four-fold Landau manifold, significant electron correlation effects result in enhanced valley splitting and spin splitting. New many-body states are observed at fractional filling factors of 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2. \\[4pt] [1] \textit{A 10 mK Scanning Probe Microscopy Facility}, Y. J. Song, A. F. Otte, V. Shvarts, Z. Zhao, Y. Kuk, S. R. Blankenship, A. Band, F. M. Hess, and J. A. Stroscio, Rev. Sci. Instrum. (in press). \\[0pt] [2] \textit{High Resolution Tunneling Spectroscopy of a Graphene Quartet}, Y. Jae Song, A. F. Otte, Y. Kuk, Y. Hu, D. B. Torrance, P. N. First, W. A. de Heer, H. Min, S. Adam, M. D. Stiles, A. H. MacDonald, and J. A. Stroscio, Nature \textbf{467}, 185 (2010). [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 3:42PM - 4:18PM |
D5.00003: Topological materials and their potential applications Invited Speaker: In this talk I shall give a brief introduction on the physics of the recently discovered topological materials and discuss their potential applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 4:18PM - 4:54PM |
D5.00004: The Hottest Liquid on the Planet Invited Speaker: We generally expect high temperature matter to act like a gas. However, nature sometimes holds surprises. Collisions of heavy nuclei at very high energies produce a plasma of quarks and gluons which is a strongly coupled liquid. Its vanishingly small shear viscosity to entropy density ratio means it flows essentially without resistance, making it one of the most ``perfect'' liquids known. Astoundingly, a key tool for theoretical study of the dynamics of this novel liquid arises from the duality of string theory with black holes. I will describe how this liquid is studied, what we've learned about its properties at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the U.S. and at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland, as well as what we haven't figured out yet. I'll also discuss how the quark gluon plasma relates to other strongly coupled systems such as dusty plasmas, cold atomic gases, and strongly correlated condensed matter. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 21, 2011 4:54PM - 5:30PM |
D5.00005: Ultracold polar molecules Invited Speaker: Ultracold quantum gases are model systems for studying many-body quantum physics. For example, superfluidity in ultracold Fermi gases of atoms realizes an electrically neutral analog of superconductivity. Recently, enormous progress has been made toward the goal of creating a new type of quantum gas where the constituent particles are polar molecules rather than atoms. In addition to new internal degrees of freedom of the particles, polar molecules introduce the possibility of long-range dipole-dipole interactions, which make the system fundamentally different from atom gases, which have short-range, or contact, interactions. I will discuss recent experimental work on a trapped gas of ultracold fermionic polar molecules. [Preview Abstract] |
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