### Session B3: The History of Superconductivity from its Discovery by Kammerlingh Onnes in 1911

11:15 AM–2:15 PM, Monday, March 21, 2011
Room: Ballroom A3

Chair: Martin Blume, Brookhaven National Laboratory, APS, Retired

Abstract ID: BAPS.2011.MAR.B3.2

### Abstract: B3.00002 : From the Meissner Effect to the Isotope Effect: Precursors to the Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity

11:51 AM–12:27 PM

MathJax On | Off     Abstract

#### Author:

Brian Schwartz
After the discovery by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 of the low temperature disappearance of resistance in mercury to a state of perfect conductivity, there was a long period of more than two decades before there was a major experimental advance. In 1933, Meissner and Ochsenfeld discovered that a superconductor is not only a perfect conductor but in addition it is a perfect diamagnet. In 1935 F. and H. London presented a phenomenological understanding of the electromagnetic properties of the superconducting state, which included the London penetration depth for applied magnetic fields and later introduced the concept of a stiffness'' of the superconducting wave function. In 1950, Ginzburg and Landau developed a phenomenological theory for the superconducting state using general thermodynamic arguments.In the same year, Maxwell, and Serin et.al discovered the Isotope Effect which indicated that the electron-phonon~interaction would play an important role in the theory of superconductivity.