Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2010
Volume 55, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2010; Portland, Oregon
Session W3: Adler, McGroddy, and Pake Award/Prize Session |
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Sponsoring Units: DMP FIAP Chair: Robert Nemanich, Arizona State University Room: Oregon Ballroom 203 |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
W3.00001: James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials Talk: A theorist's-eye view of multiferroics Invited Speaker: I will summarize the evolution of the field of multiferroics -- that is materials that show multiple simultaneous ferroic orderings -- since their ``renaissance'' in the late 1990s. In particular, I will illustrate how first-principles electronic structure calculations have contributed to progress in the field, and conversely, how fascinating questions in multiferroics have prompted the development of improved electronic structure methods. Finally I will share my ideas on the most exciting open problems and emerging directions in multiferroics and beyond. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
W3.00002: James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials Talk: What is new in multiferroicity?: Mott ferroelectrics! Invited Speaker: Multiferroicity is an old topic. For example, linear magnetoelectric effect in materials such as Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$ with broken time reversal and space inversion symmetry has been known since 1960's. However, giant cross-coupling effects such as flipping polarization or enormous change of dielectric constant by applied magnetic fields have been recently observed in systems such as Tb(Dy)MnO$_{3}$ and Tb(Dy)Mn$_{2}$O$_{5}$ [1-3]. The important ingredient for these giant magnetoelectric effects turns out to be associated with the presence of non-zero d electrons and their mutual interactions, leading to the Mott-insulator-type charge gap, magnetism, and collective phase transitions. Particularly, the collective nature of simultaneous magnetic-ferroelectric phase transitions results in the giant magnetoelectric effects. In addition, fascinating charge transport properties such as a switchable photovoltaic effect and characteristic conduction properties at domain walls stem from the (carrier-doped) Mott insulating nature of compounds such as BiFeO$_{3}$ and hexagonal YMnO$_{3}$ [4,5]. \\[4pt] [1] Kimura, T. \textit{et al}. Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization. \textit{Nature} \textbf{426}, 55--58 (2003).\\[0pt] [2] Hur, N. \textit{et al}. Electric polarization reversal and memory in a multiferroic material induced by magnetic fields. \textit{Nature} \textbf{429}, 392--395 (2004).\\[0pt] [3] Cheong, S.-W. {\&} Mostovoy, M. Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity. \textit{Nature Mater.} \textbf{6}, 13--20 (2007).\\[0pt] [4] Seidel, J. \textit{et al}. Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics. \textit{Nature Mater.} \textbf{8}, 229--234 (2009).\\[0pt] [5] Choi, T., Lee, S., Choi, Y.J., Kiryukhin, V. {\&} Cheong, S.-W. Switchable ferroelectric diode and photovoltaic effect in BiFeO$_{3}$. \textit{Science} \textbf{324}, 63--66 (2009) [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
W3.00003: James C. McGroddy Prize Talk: Controlling and Manipulating Ferromagnetism with an Electric Field Using Multiferroic Oxide Heterostructures Invited Speaker: Complex perovskite oxides exhibit a rich spectrum of functional responses, including magnetism, ferroelectricity, highly correlated electron behavior, superconductivity, etc. The basic materials physics of such materials provide the ideal playground for interdisciplinary scientific exploration. Over the past decade we have been exploring the science of such materials (for example, colossal magnetoresistance, ferroelectricity, etc) in thin film form by creating epitaxial heterostructures and nanostructures. Among the large number of materials systems, there exists a small set of materials which exhibit multiple order parameters; these are known as multiferroics. Using our work in the field of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic oxides as the background, we are now exploring such materials, as epitaxial thin films as well as nanostructures. A particularly interesting problem is that related to electric field control and manipulation of ferromagnetism. In this talk I will describe to you some aspects of such materials as well as the scientific and technological excitement in this field. Finally I will share my ideas on the most exciting open problems and emerging directions in multiferroics and beyond. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
W3.00004: David Adler Lectureship Award in the Field of Materials Physics Talk: Surfaces of Quasicrystals Invited Speaker: Quasiperiodic order is recognized (in a utilitarian, rather than a mathematical sense) by the absence of periodicity, concurrent with a classically-forbidden rotational symmetry. It is quite beautiful, having captured the attention of scientists and artists alike. Following the discovery of quasiperiodic order in a real system,\footnote{D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, and J.W. Cahn, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{53}, 1951 (1984).} many metallic alloys and intermetallics were found to exhibit this type of order on the atomic scale. More recently ``soft'' quasicrystals were discovered,\footnote{L. Bindi, P.J. Steinhardt, N. Yao, and P.J. Lu, Science \textbf{324}, 1306 (2009).} and nanocrystalline arrays were found to spontaneously adopt quasiperiodic order.\footnote{D.V. Talapin, E.V. Shevchenko, M.I. Bodnarchuk, X. Ye, J. Chen, and C.B. Murray, Nature \textbf{461} , 964 (2009).} From a scientific perspective, quasicrystals are alluring because they allow us to test the relationship between atomic structure and physical properties. This talk deals with the ways in which our understanding of solid surfaces has been both enriched and challenged by these complex materials.\footnote{P. Thiel, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. (2008).}$^,$\footnote{V. Fourn\'{e}e, J. Ledieu, and P. Thiel, J. Phys: Condens. Matter. \textbf{20}, 3310301 (2008).} properties of the metallic quasicrystals originally generated interest because they were unusual.\footnote{J.M. Dubois, \textit{Useful Quasicrystals}(World Scientific, Singapore, 2005).} For instance, among Al-rich alloys, the Al-based quasicrystalline phases exhibit puzzling resistance to surface oxidation. Also, Al-rich quasicrystals have surprisingly good and promising catalytic properties (e.g. for steam reforming of methanol).\footnote{A.P. Tsai and M. Yoshimura, Appl. Cat. A: General \textbf{214} , 237 (2001).} Perhaps most famously, they exhibit low friction.$^{7}$ Comparisons with crystalline materials have established that these features are deeply related to the quasiperiodic atomic structure. talk focuses, first, on the ways that surfaces of quasicrystals are unusual templates for adsorption and solid film growth.\footnote{V. Fourn\'{e}e and P.A. Thiel, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. \textbf{38}, R83 (2005).} They can enforce quasicrystalline structure in films,\footnote{K.J. Franke, H.R. Sharma, W. Theis, P. Gille, P. Ebert, and K.H. Rieder, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{89}, 156104 (2002).} opening the door to exploration of the properties of materials in such an ``unnatural'' state. The electronic structure at quasicrystal surfaces can affect film morphology through a quantum size effect.\footnote{V. Fourn\'{e}e, H.R. Sharma, M. Shimoda, A.P. Tsai, B. Unal, A.R. Ross, T.A. Lograsso, and P.A. Thiel, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{95}, 155504 (2005).}$^,$\footnote{B. \"{U}nal, V. Fourn\'{e}e, P.A. Thiel, and J.W. Evans, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102}, 196103 (2009).} Quasicrystal surfaces have broad ensembles of adsorption sites,\footnote{B. \"{U}nal, C.J. Jenks, and P.A. Thiel, J. Phys: Condens. Matter. \textbf{21}, 055009 (2009).} including trap sites that may lead to quasi-periodic arrays of islands.\footnote{T. Cai, J. Ledieu, R. McGrath, V. Fourn\'{e}e, T.A. Lograsso, A.R. Ross, and P.A. Thiel, Surface Sci. \textbf{526}, 115 (2003).}$^,$\footnote{B. Unal, V. Fourn\'{e}e, K.J. Schnitzenbaumer, C. Ghosh, C.J. Jenks, A.R. Ross, T.A. Lograsso, J.W. Evans, and P.A. Thiel, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{75}, 064205 (2007).} This talk also focuses on their low friction, when measured with techniques that probe macroscopic scales (conventional pin-on-disk tribometers) to nanoscopic scales (atomic force microscopy).\footnote{5. J.Y. Park, D.F. Ogletree, M. Salmeron, R.A. Ribeiro, P.C. Canfield, C.J. Jenks, and P.A. Thiel, Science , 1354 (2005).} [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
W3.00005: George E. Pake Prize Talk: Leading Applied R{\&}D: Seeking Serendipity Invited Speaker: I will talk about the leadership of applications oriented R{\&}D. I plan to include remarks on the ways in which industrial laboratories can be useful, how they should be organized and led, why the customers for R{\&}D are always wrong, the importance of productive people collisions (and the leadership's role in making them happen), how to use matrices of knowledge, the uses of real and synthetic laboratory alumni, MBWA and MBAQ, and how to estimate the monetary value of an industrial research laboratory. I will include sea stories from real life, especially from the GM Research Laboratories as I remember it when I saw it first hand (1982-1993). [Preview Abstract] |
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