Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2009 APS March Meeting
Volume 54, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 16–20, 2009; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Session V10: Artificially Structured Materials for Optical Manipulation |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Ian Sellers, Sharp Room: 304 |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
V10.00001: Photon-phonon excitations in single acousto-optical microcavities Martin Maldovan, Edwin Thomas Photonic and phononic crystals are periodic structures, which, for certain wavelengths, exhibit a bandgap that does not allow the propagation of either light (photons) or sound (phonons). These periodic materials can also localize and guide light or sound by means of microcavities and waveguides, or allow for negative refraction and behave like superlenses. Photonic and phononic crystals have been realized individually, although as yet there has been no combined study that exploits their singular properties. We propose the development of a new class of physical system that combines photonic and phononic properties. In this paper, we show novel excitations between photons and phonons localized in the same area at the same time within these novel materials. The simultaneous localization of light and sound creates a strong influence on photon-phonon interactions and we anticipate the realization of a coherent monochromatic source of very high-frequency phonons. Design guidelines are provided for these novel acousto-optical microcavities in terms of structural morphologies and material platforms. This research helps to develop physical mechanisms for light-induced generation of coherent phonons and acousto-optical effects that can result in the optical cooling of materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
V10.00002: Near field and diffraction of an electromagnetic wave at a metallic grating with slits Raul Garcia-Llamas, Ramon Mungu\'Ia-Arvayo, Jorge Gaspar-Armenta The interference of surface Plasmons between two slits is studied by using the near-field intensity. The problem of diffraction of an electromagnetic wave at a metallic grating with slits is treated. A rigorous solution of diffraction based on the method of multimodal expansion by Burckhardt$^{1}$ is presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
V10.00003: Bi-directional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) Measurements of Guided Mode Resonance Filter Optical Limiters Robert Lamott, Michael Marciniak, Brian Cunningham Guided Mode Resonance Filters (GMRF) are 2- and 3-D photonic-crystal structures designed to provide a specific photonic band gap. This narrow stop band makes it a suitable candidate for dealing with laser illumination directed at optical sensors, protecting the sensor while allowing the sensor to continue collecting other wavelengths. Since absorbing light is not their primary method of filtering, GMRFs are even suitable for higher power lasers, which may cause thermal damage and failure in an absorptive chromatic filter. However, investigation into where the light is scattered, both through the filter and reflected off of the filter, is necessary to ensure scatter is not damaging other elements of the sensor or other nearby sensors. We analyzed three GMRF samples designed for different wavelengths, using a Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI) to provide in-plane measurements of the strength of the scatter in all transmitted and reflected angles. This data is used to generate Bi-directional Scatter Distribution Functions (BSDFs), which can be either physically or empirically based, to model the reflected and transmitted scatter for all incident angles. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
V10.00004: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
V10.00005: Theory of Plasmonic Wave Propagation Along a Periodic Chain of Nanoscale Pores in a Metal David Stroud, Kwangmoo Kim We have calculated the dispersion relations and group velocities of plasmonic waves propagating along a periodic chain of nanoscale pores in a Drude metal, using a tight- binding formalism. The propagating modes are Bloch waves constructed from linear combinations of electromagnetic modes of the individual pores embedded in a metallic host. In contrast to the analogous plasmonic waves propagating along periodic chains of metallic nanoparticles in a dielectric, the pore waves do not suffer radiative losses, and the tight- binding approach is not restricted to the quasistatic approximation or to particles small compared to a wavelength. We have also calculated the plasmonic band structure for waves propagating through a three-dimensional inverse opal structure of pores in a metallic host. We discuss the possibility of generating and detecting these waves in porous metals and porous superconductors. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
V10.00006: Long wavelength limit of the 2D photonic crystal S.T. Chui, Z.F. Lin We solve {\bf analytically} the multiple scattering equations for the two dimensional photonic crystals in the long wavelength limit. Different approximations of the electric and magnetic susceptibilities are presented from a unified pseudopotential point of view. The nature of the so called plasmon-polariton bands are clarified. Its frequency as a function of the wire radius is discussed. The corresponding tunable ``magnetic surface plasmon'' band is pointed out. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
V10.00007: Electro-photonic enhancements in organic solar cells with photonic crystal photoactive layers John Tumbleston, Doo-Hyun Ko, Edward Samulski, Rene Lopez Organic photovoltaics with nanopatterned photonic crystal photoactive layers offer an alternative to conventional planar devices that suffer from a competition between optical absorption and electronic processes. Our recent studies have shown that nanopatterned devices exhibit enhanced absorption and exciton creation profiles as compared to planar cells. Improved absorption results in part from the excitation of resonant optical modes where certain photon energies near the semiconducting band edge are enhanced 20-fold. Prerequisites for their excitation include an index of refraction contrast of 0.3 for the two photonic crystal materials and a periodicity comparable to the band edge wavelength. Resonant mode dispersion determined via photonic band calculations and variable angle absorption measurements indicate that both fast and slow modes exist in nanopatterned devices. Quantum efficiency measurements also confirm improved optical and electrical performance for photonic crystal organic solar cells. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
V10.00008: Photonic Quasicrystals for Nonlinear Quantum Optics Susanna Thon, William Irvine, Dirk Bouwmeester Certain semiconductors, such as GaAs and GaP, have very high values for the second order optical nonlinear susceptibility. This makes them promising materials for applications in nonlinear (quantum) optics. However, phase matching conditions must be achieved through microstructuring of the materials or in cavities because they possess no intrinsic birefringence which is the conventional method for achieving phase matching. It has been reported that photonic crystal lattices based on quasicrystal geometries can support multiple photonic bandgaps at widely spaced frequencies. We report on the results of simulations to identify suitable semiconductor quasicrystal structures for nonlinear optics applications such as frequency conversion and the observation of novel cavity QED effects. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
V10.00009: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
V10.00010: Transformation media with negative refractive indices C.T. Chan, Y. Lai, H.Y. Chen, Jack Ng, Z.Q. Zhang Artificially structured materials with a negative refractive index designed by transformation optics can have interesting properties. Based on merging the concept of complementary media and transformation media, we propose an invisibility cloak operating at a finite frequency that can make an object invisible with a pre-specified shape and size within a certain distance outside the shell. The cloak is comprised of a dielectric core, a negative index metamaterial shell and an ``anti-object'' embedded inside the shell. The cloaked object is not blinded by the cloaking shell since it lies outside the cloak. Full-wave simulations in two dimensions have been performed to verify the cloaking effect. We also show that a positive index core coated with a negative index shell can result in a frequency selective super-absorber which has an absorption cross section that is significantly higher than the geometric cross section. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
V10.00011: Electromagnetic transparency by graded metallic coating L. Sun, K.W. Yu Recently there has been an increasing interest in achieving cloaking or invisible devices for electromagnetic fields. The study has been based on Pendry's transformation media concept. In this work, we have studied electromagnetic scattering by coated spheres with a homogeneous core and a radially inhomogeneous dielectric shell described by the lossless graded Drude model $\epsilon(r)=1-\omega_p^2(r)/\omega^2 $. The plasma frequency depends on $r$ as $\omega_p^2=1-cr^k$, where $c$ and $k$ are positive constants. The electromagnetic field distribution has been calculated within the fully electromagnetic Mie scattering theory. When $k=2$, exact analytic solutions can be obtained for the field distribution in terms of Whittaker functions. The total scattering cross section can be obtained from the scattering field amplitudes and is found to be dependent on both the graded profile and the cross-shell ratio. The analytic expressions of the total scattering cross section allow us to assess the conditions for achieving better transparency$^{[1]}$, resulting in tunable electromagnetic cloaking. [1]. A. Al\`u and N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. E 72, 016623 (2005) [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
V10.00012: Wave-Front Engineering by Huygens-Fresnel Principle for Nonlinear Optical Interactions in Domain Engineered Structures Zhu Yongyuan, Qin Yiqiang, Zhang Chao Wave-front engineering for nonlinear optical interactions was discussed. Using Huygens-Fresnel principle we developed a general theory and technique for domain engineering with conventional quasi-phase-matching (QPM) structures being the special cases. We put forward the concept of local QPM, which suggests that the QPM is fulfilled only locally not globally. Experiments agreed well with the theoretical prediction. The proposed scheme integrates three optical functions: generating, focusing, and beam splitting of second-harmonic wave, thus making the device more compact. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
V10.00013: Electromagnetic Response of Josephson Junction Metamaterials in Positive and Negative Permittivity Regimes Steven Anlage, Laura Adams Negative index of refraction metamaterials have shown strikingly different behavior than their positive index of refraction counterparts, enabling for example cloaking and super lensing. Josephson junction (JJ) metamaterials which are tunable and have low loss are a distinct advantage not only because of their nonlinearity but also due to their ability to be scaled down in size. We will present microwave measurements of JJ arrays that behave differently depending on whether the arrays resonate above or below the cutoff frequency of an electromagnetic waveguide. Below cutoff, resonances seem to indicate a macroscopic phase coherence of the JJ arrays with emission of photons. Above cutoff, we interpret the interaction between the arrays and the electromagnetic waves as indications of vortex-anti-vortex physics. We will describe how the JJ arrays respond to controlled changes of the input power, temperature and dc magnetic fields and how these responses depend on the sign of the permittivity. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 19, 2009 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
V10.00014: Anomalous infrared monochromatic transmission through a film of type-II superconductor in magnetic field and a superconducting multiple conductor system Roman Ya. Kezerashvili, Oleg L. Berman, Vladimir S. Boyko, Yurii E. Lozovik Anomalous far infrared monochromatic transmission through a lattice of Abrikosov vortices in a type-II superconducting film is found. The transmitted frequency corresponds to the photonic mode localized by the defects of the Abrokosov lattice. These defects are formed by extra vortices placed out of the nodes of the ideal Abrokosov lattice. The extra vortices can be pinned by crystal lattice defects of a superconductor. The frequency is studied as a function of magnetic field and temperature in the framework of the Dirac-type two-band model. The control of the transmitted frequency by varying magnetic field and/or temperature is analyzed. Besides, anomalous infrared monochromatic transmission through a superconducting multiple conductor system consisting of parallel superconducting cylinders is found. The transmitted frequency corresponds to the localized photonic mode in the forbidden photonic band, when one superconducting cylinder is removed from the node of the ideal two-dimensional lattice of superconducting cylinders. Our approach is valid for all type-II superconductors but the specific calculations have been performed for the YBCO film in the magnetic field and for the YBCO superconducting cylinders. [Preview Abstract] |
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