Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2008 APS March Meeting
Volume 53, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 10–14, 2008; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session J1: Pake Prize, McGroddy Prizes, Buckley Prize Session |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP FIAP DMP Chair: Allen Goldman, University of Minnesota Room: Morial Convention Center LaLouisiane AB |
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
J1.00001: Oliver E. Buckley Prize Talk: Why are we so excited about carbon nanostructures? Invited Speaker: There is much current excitement about the interesting new physics and unusual physical properties of carbon nanostructures, particularly carbon nanotubes and graphene. A brief review will be given of the physical underpinnings of carbon nanostructures that were developed over the past 60 years, starting with the electronic structure and physical properties of graphene and graphite, and then moving to graphite intercalation compounds which contained the first carbon nanostructures to be studied experimentally. Liquid carbon studies were precursors to the fullerene family of nanostructures and vapor grown carbon fibers were precursors to carbon nanotubes. Particular emphasis is given to the recent developments in our understanding of the photophysics of carbon nanotubes and graphene, with perspectives on future research directions for these fields. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
J1.00002: George E. Pake Prize Talk: Science and the Energy Security Challenge: The Example of Solid State Lighting Invited Speaker: Securing a viable, carbon neutral energy future for humankind will require an effort of gargantuan proportions. As outlined clearly in a series of workshops sponsored by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html), fundamental advances in scientific understanding are needed to broadly implement many of the technologies that are held out as promising options to meet future energy needs. Technologies of interest range from solar energy, to nuclear energy, to approaches to clean combustion. Using solid state lighting based on inorganic materials as an example, I will discuss some recent results and new directions, emphasizing the multidisciplinary, team nature of the endeavor. I will also offer some thoughts about how to encourage translation of the science into attractive, widely available products -- a significant challenge that cannot be ignored. This case study offers insight into approaches that are likely to be beneficial for addressing other aspects of the energy security challenge. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
J1.00003: James C. McGroddy Prize Talk: Superconductivity in alkali-metal doped Carbon-60 Invited Speaker: Carbon sixty (C$_{60})$, which was first identified in 1985 in laser desorption experiments, is unquestionably an arrestingly beautiful molecule. The high symmetry of the 12 pentagonal and 20 hexagonal faces symmetrically arrayed in a soccer-ball like structure invites special attention and continues to stimulate animated speculation. The availability in 1990 of macroscopic amounts of purified C$_{60}$ derived from carbon-arc produced soot allowed the growth and characterization of both bulk and thin-film samples. Crystalline C$_{60}$ is a molecular solid held together by weak van der Waals forces. The fcc structure has a 74{\%} packing fraction thus allowing ample opportunity (26{\%} available volume) for the intercalation of foreign atoms into the interstitial spaces of the three dimensional host. This opportunity catalyzed much of the collaborative work amongst chemists, physicists and materials scientists at Bell Laboratories, and resulted in the discovery of superconductivity in alkali-metal doped C$_{60 }$with transition temperatures (T$_{c})$ in the mid-30-kelvin range. In this talk I will review how the successes of this initial team effort stimulated a worldwide collaboration between experimentalists and theorists to understand the promise and potential of an entirely new class of superconductors containing only two elements, carbon and an intercalated alkali metal. Although the cuprates still hold the record for the highest T$_{c}$, there are still open scientific questions about the mechanism that gives rise to such unexpectedly high T$_{c}$'s in the non-oxide carbon-based superconductors. The doped fullerenes have unusual attributes (e.g., narrow electronic bands, high disorder, anomalous energy scales, and a tantalizing proximity to a metal-insulator Mott transition), which challenge conventional thinking and at the same time provide useful insights into new directions for finding even higher T$_{c}$ materials. The final chapter of the `soot to superconductivity' story has yet to be written. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
J1.00004: James C. McGroddy Prize Talk: What Was New About C60 Invited Speaker: C60 was named molecule of the year by Science in 1991, and in this talk I will discuss what I consider to be the most novel features of the molecule. In some ways C60 is truly unique and the discovery of the molecule in 1985 and its subsequent synthesis in 1990 blazed a trail of new chemical and physical properties that is unlikely to be surpassed by any other molecule. I will discuss the electronic structure of C60, its magnetism, and the conductivity and superconductivity shown by the alkali metal-doped phases. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
J1.00005: The p-and d-electron superconductors -Struggle to find higher-$T_{c}$ superconductors Invited Speaker: After the discovery of MgB$_{2}$, 7 years have already passed, and a new higher-$T_{c}$ superconductor has now been desired. In this invited session, we review our present status (struggle?) to find higher-$T_{c}$ superconductors along the following lines. 1) 2-dimensional Cu-oxides having different crystal structures with CuO$_{2}$ planes, such as ladders, Lieb model Cu-oxide etc. 2) Metal superconductors including light elements (boron, carbon etc.), being suggested with MgB$_{2}$, diamond etc. Recently, we found a new superconductor boron doped SiC which belongs to the same category with boron doped diamond and Si etc. 3) We also present the superconducting properties of the clathrate-type silver oxides Ag$_{6}$O$_{8}$AgNO$_{3}$ ($T_{c}$=1.04K) and Ag$_{6}$O$_{8}$AgHF$_{2}$ ($T_{c}$=1.36K). [Preview Abstract] |
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