Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2008 APS March Meeting
Volume 53, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 10–14, 2008; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session D35: Focus Session: Negative Index Materials II |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Anatoly Zayats, Queen's University of Belfast Room: Morial Convention Center 227 |
Monday, March 10, 2008 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
D35.00001: Negative Index Metamaterials for Superlenses Based on Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposites Latika Menon, Wentao Lu, Adam Friedman, Steven Bennett, Donald Heiman, Srinivas Sridhar Negative index metamaterials are demonstrated based on metal-dielectric nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are prepared using a versatile bottom-up nanofabrication approach involving the incorporation of vertically aligned metal nanowires such as Au and Ag inside dielectric aluminum oxide nanotemplates. Aluminum oxide nanotemplates with specific pore dimensions are fabricated by means of electrochemical anodization. Following this, Au/Ag nanowires with specific wire dimensions are electrodeposited inside the pores. Optical absorbance measurements show resonance peaks corresponding to transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon modes. Peak position and intensity are found to be strongly dependent on nanocomposite dimensions, filling factor (ratio of the volume of metal versus the volume of dielectric) and angle of incidence with respect to the wire axis. A quantitative model based on effective medium theory is in excellent agreement with experimental data, and points to specific composite configurations and wavelength regimes where such structures can have applications as negative refraction media for superlens imaging. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
D35.00002: Anisotropic nanostructured metamaterials for broadband all-angle negative refractionand flat lens imaging Wentao Lu, Srinivas Sridhar We show that a metamaterial consisting of aligned metallic nanowires in a dielectric matrix has strongly anisotropic optical properties. For filling ratio $f<$1/2, the composite medium shows two surface plasmon resonances (SPRs): the transverse and longitudinal SPR with wavelengths $\lambda _{t}<\lambda _{l}$. For $\lambda _{t}>\lambda _{l}$, the longitudinal SPR, the material exhibits Re $\varepsilon _{//}<$ 0, Re $\varepsilon _{\bot }>$ 0, relative to the nanowires axis, enabling the achievement of broadband all-angle negative refraction and flat lens (superlens) imaging systems. High performance systems made with Au, Ag or Al nanowires in nanoporous templates are designed and predicted to work from the infrared up to ultraviolet frequencies. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
D35.00003: Achieving sub-diffraction imaging through bound surface states in negative-refracting photonic crystals at the near-infrared Rohit Chatterjee, Nicolae Panoiu, Kai liu, Zachary Dios, Ming Bin Yu, My The Doan, Laura Kaufman, Richard Osgood, Chee Wei Wong We report the observation of imaging beyond the diffraction limit due to bound surface states in negative refraction photonic crystals. We achieve an effective negative index figure-of-merit [-Re($n)$/Im($n)$] of at least 380, $\sim $125$\times $ improvement over recent efforts in the near-infrared, with a 0.4 THz bandwidth. Supported by numerical and theoretical analyses, the observed near-field resolution is 0.47$\lambda $, clearly smaller than the diffraction limit of 0.61$\lambda $. Importantly, we show this sub-diffraction imaging is due to resonant excitation of surface slab modes, allowing evanescent wave amplification. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 3:06PM - 3:42PM |
D35.00004: Optical Super Lens: from near-field to far field Invited Speaker: Recent theory predicted a new class of meta structures made of engineered sub wavelength entities - meta ``atoms'' and ``molecules'' which enable the unprecedented electromagnetic properties that do not exist in the nature. For example, artificial plasma and artificial magnetism, and super lens that focuses far below the diffraction limit. The metamaterials may have profound impact in wide range of applications such as nano-scale imaging, nanolithography, and integrated nano photonics. I'll discuss a few recent experiments that demonstrated these intriguing phenomena. We showed, for the first time, the high frequency magnetic activity at THz generated by artificially structured ``meta molecule resonance'', as well as the artificial plasma. Our experiment also confirmed the key proposition of super lens theory by using surface plasmon. We indeed observed optical superlensing which breaks down so called diffraction limit. I'll also discuss nano plasmonics for imaging and bio-sensing. The surface plasmon indeed promises an exciting engineering paradigm of ``x-ray wavelength at optical frequency.'' [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
D35.00005: Surface plasmon polariton bound state and negative index imaging at the dielectric edge Igor Smolyaninov, Yu-Ju Hung, Ehren Hwang, Christopher Davis Negative refraction of surface plasmon polaritons at the dielectric edge has been studied using near-field and far-field optical microscopy techniques. Edge plasmon polariton state has been observed. Magnified negative index imaging has been demonstrated using a far-field optical microscope. Good agreement between theoretically calculated and experimentally measured images has been demonstrated. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
D35.00006: Linear and nonlinear optical devices based on plasmonic negative index metamaterials. Igor Smolyaninov, Idan Mandelbaum, Louise Sengupta, Yu-Ju Hung, Ehren Hwang, Christopher Davis Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic metamaterials faces numerous technological challenges. On the other hand, many new concepts and ideas in the optics of metamaterials may be tested much easier in two spatial dimensions using planar optics of surface plasmon polaritons. In this talk we will describe applications of plasmonic negative index metamaterials in various novel microscopy, waveguiding and switching devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
D35.00007: Metaplasmonics and Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials for Optical Nanocircuits, Wave-Bending Tunneling Elements, and Nanoantennas Nader Engheta, Andrea Alu, Mario Silveirinha, Brian Edwards, Michael Young, Jingjing Li Negative-permittivity plasmonic media, engineered epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials, and zero-index materials may be exploited as building blocks for synthesis of more complex metamaterials and structures. We have been exploring fundamental concepts and various potential applications of plasmonic materials and ENZ metamaterials, and have studied several metaplasmonic-based structures, devices, and nanocircuits. Among these: (1) we will discuss some of the processing features of meta-nanocircuits, in which the arrangement of plasmonic and nonplasmonic nanostructures may provide the functionalities of optical circuits capable of tailoring electric fields within subwavelength regions and loading and tuning optical nanoantennas; (2) we will present theoretical and experimental results on ENZ-based supercoupling and wave-bending tunneling phenomena in waveguides with ultranarrow subwavelength channels and bends; and (3) we will mention our designs and analyses of optical nanoantennas and arrays inspired from microwave antennas. Future directions in these areas will also be forecasted. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
D35.00008: Quantum Josephson Junction Metamaterials Laura Adams, Hua Xu, Steven Anlage Recent breakthroughs in the field of artificial electromagnetic materials, known as metamaterials, have opened the door to creating structures which exhibit extraordinary properties not generally found in nature such as negative index of refraction. By engineering structures that are small compared to the wavelength of operation, material parameters such as (electric) permittivity and (magnetic) permeability can be designed. However there are significant limitations in these structures due their sensitivity to losses which increase with decreasing size. One straightforward way of getting around this issue is to use superconductors which also have the advantage of tunability. Even more sophisticated are arrays of Josephson Junctions (two superconducting islands separated by a thin insulating barrier) which have the distinct advantage of behaving as quantum metamaterials due to their nonlinear microwave inductance tunable by external DC and AC fields. We will discuss the tunability of these arrays as a function of temperature and magnetic field and the possibilities for negative permeability over a wide range of microwave frequencies. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
D35.00009: Experimental realization of a generalized superlens using negative refraction at infrared wavelengths Ravinder Banyal, B.D.F. Casse, W.T. Lu, Y.J. Huang, S. Selvarasah, M. Dokmeci, C.H. Perry, S. Sridhar We demonstrate experimentally using a near-field scanning optical microscope the imaging of a point source by a generalized superlens fabricated in InGaAsP/InP heterostructure at wavelengths around $\lambda $= 1.5 $\mu $m. The theory of superlens imaging with lens equation u + v = $\sigma $d gives excellent explanation of wave refraction and imaging formation of our superlens with an effective lens property $\varepsilon _{eff}$= 0.43. This can be used as the basis for design optical elements made of photonic crystals. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
D35.00010: An Experimental Near-Field Focusing Plate A. Grbic, L. Jiang, R. Merlin Using a patterned grating-like surface, which we refer to as a near-field plate [1], we experimentally demonstrate focusing of 1.027 GHz radiation well beyond the diffraction limit. A near-field plate is a finely structured surface that acts as a modulated surface reactance [2]. Its ability to provide subwavelength resolution relies on the strong near-field coupling that exists between the reactive surface elements of the plate. This coupling sets up a highly oscillatory electromagnetic field at the plate surface which can focus in the near-field. The plate consists of an array of interdigitated capacitors printed on an electrically thin dielectric substrate. It focuses microwaves emanating from an S-polarized cylindrical source (vertical line current) to a focus with a null-to-null beamwidth equal to one-tenth of the wavelength. Passive surfaces that can focus electromagnetic energy to extreme subwavelength dimensions offer an advantage with respect to slabs in that they obviate the need for the 3D fabrication techniques. Applications in antennas, beam-shaping devices, wireless non-radiative power transfer systems, microscopy and lithography will be discussed. [1] R. Merlin, Science \textbf{317}, 927 (2007). [2] A. Grbic and R. Merlin, arXiv:0708.0049. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
D35.00011: Radiationless Electromagnetic Interference: Perfect Focusing with Evanescent-Field Plates R. Merlin Planar subwavelength structures are described, which rely on a hitherto unrecognized property of Maxwell's equations to provide superlensing, i.~e., electromagnetic focusing well beyond the diffraction limit, at arbitrary frequencies [1]. The resulting fields bear a striking resemblance to those of negative-index slabs. The structures' design is related to that of the Fresnel plates in that diffraction forces the input field to converge to a spot on the focal plane. Unlike the diffraction-limited zone plates, for which focusing results from standard interference of traveling waves, the subwavelength plates control the near field and, as such, their superlensing properties originate from a new, static form of interference. ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~[1] R. Merlin, \textit{Science }\textbf{317}, 927 (2007). [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 10, 2008 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
D35.00012: Contribution of electric quadrupole resonance in optical metamaterials David Cho, Feng Wang, Xiang Zhang, Y. Ron Shen Optical metamaterials are artificial structures composed of nanoscale units with unit dimension smaller than optical wavelength. They can exhibit negative index of refraction when both effective permittivity and permeability are negative. Although, negative permittivity is straightforward to obtain, negative permeability is nonexistent in nature. Only recently has it been achieved using strong magnetic resonances in suitably designed metal plasmonic nanostructures. However, similar to the magnetic resonance, electric quadrupole resonance can also be greatly enhanced by plasmon resonances. The contribution of the electric quadrupole resonance to the effective properties of metamaterials has not been well understood and often neglected. We show by simulation that, for many metamaterial structures, electric quadrupole radiation is comparable to that of magnetic dipole and we propose an experimental scheme to determine individual contribution of the electric dipole, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole. We also show that the electric quadrupole radiation can greatly affect effective permeability, and therefore is of central importance for designing metamaterials with negative permeability. [Preview Abstract] |
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