Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2007 APS March Meeting
Volume 52, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2007; Denver, Colorado
Session Y7: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics |
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Sponsoring Units: DBP Chair: Felix Ritort, Universitat de Barcelona Room: Colorado Convention Center Korbel 4A-4B |
Friday, March 9, 2007 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
Y7.00001: Exactly solvable models illustrating nonequilibrium work relations Invited Speaker: Nonequilibrium work relations establish a connection between the work performed when driving a system away from thermal equilibrium, and the free energy difference between two equilibrium states of the system. I will discuss several exactly solvable model systems that illustrate these relations. While these examples represent idealized systems, and can be analyzed at the level of undergraduate mechanics, they nevertheless provide insight into subtle and sometimes counter-intuitive aspects of nonequilibrium work relations. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
Y7.00002: Invited Speaker: |
Friday, March 9, 2007 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
Y7.00003: Invited Speaker: |
Friday, March 9, 2007 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
Y7.00004: Stochastic Thermodynamics: Theory and Experiments Invited Speaker: Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for describing small systems embedded in a heat bath and externally driven to non-equilibrium. Examples are colloidal particles in time-dependent optical traps, single biomolecules manipulated by optical tweezers or AFM tips, and motor proteins driven by ATP excess. A first-law like energy balance allows to identify applied work and dissipated heat on the level of a single stochastic trajectory. Total entropy production includes not only this heat but also changes in entropy associated with the state of the small system. Within such a framework, exact results like an integral fluctuation theorem for total entropy production valid for any initial state, any time-dependent driving and any length of trajectories can be proven [1]. These results hold both for mechanically driven systems modelled by over-damped Langevin equations and chemically driven (biochemical) reaction networks [2]. These theoretical predictions have been illustrated and tested with experiments on a colloidal particle pushed by a periodically modulated laser towards a surface [3]. Key elements of this framework like a stochastic entropy can also be applied to athermal systems as experiments on an optically driven defect center in diamond show [4,5]. For mechanically driven non-equilibrium steady states, the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem can be quantified as an additive term directly related to broken detailed balance (rather than a multiplicative effective temperature) [6]. Integrated over time, a generalized Einstein relation appears. If velocities are measured with respect to the local mean velocity, the usual form of the FDT holds even in non-equilibrium. [1] U. Seifert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95: 040602/1-4, 2005. [2] T. Schmiedl and U. Seifert, cond-mat/0605080. [3] V. Blickle, T. Speck, L. Helden, U. Seifert, and C. Bechinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96: 070603/1-4, 2006. [4] S. Schuler, T. Speck, C. Tietz, J. Wrachtrup, and U. Seifert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94: 180602/1-4, 2005. [5] C. Tietz, S. Schuler, T. Speck, U. Seifert, and J. Wrachtrup, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97: 050602/1-4, 2006. [6] T. Speck and U. Seifert, Europhys. Lett. 74: 391-396, 2006. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
Y7.00005: Invited Speaker: |
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