Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2005 APS March Meeting
Monday–Friday, March 21–25, 2005; Los Angeles, CA
Session U33: Cold Fusion |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Scott Chubb, Naval Research Lab Room: LACC 511C |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
U33.00001: Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, Frank Gordon Experimental evidence in support of claims that excess enthalpy production in a polarized Pd/D lattice is of a nuclear origin is questioned on various grounds, eg marginal intensity and difficulty in reproducing. Here, evidence is presented that is $\approx$100$\%$ reproducible and of sufficient intensity to be well outside of experimental errors. In addition to the thermal behavior, the nuclear manifestations include: X-ray emission; tritium production; and, when an operating cell is placed in an external electric field, fusion to create heavier metals such as Ca, Al, Mg, and Zn. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
U33.00002: On Complex Nuclei Energetics in LENR George H. Miley, Andrei Lipson, Nie Luo, Heinz Hora Swimming Electron Layer (SEL) theory plus fission of ``complex nuclei'' were proposed earlier to explain reaction products observed in electrolysis with multi-layer thin-film metallic electrodes\footnote{1. G.H. Miley, and J.A. Patterson, J. New Energy, Vol. 1, pp.11-15, (1996).}. SEL was then extended to treat gas-diffusion driven transmutation experiments\footnote{G. H. Miley and H. Hora, ``Nuclear Reactions in Solids,'' APS DNP Mtg., East Lansing, MI, Oct (2002).}. It is also consistent with measured charged-particle emission during thin-film electrolysis and x-ray emission during plasma bombardment experiments\footnote{A. Karabut, ``X-ray emission in high-current glow discharge,'' Proc., ICCF-9, Beijing China, May (2002).}. The binding energy per complex nucleon can be estimated by an energy balance combined with identification of products for each complex – e.g. complexes of A~39 have $\sim$ 0.05 MeV/Nucleon, etc, in thin film electrolysis. Energies in gas diffusion experiments are lower due to the reduced trap site potential at the multi-atom surface. In the case of x-ray emission, complexes involve subsurface defect center traps, giving only a few keV/Nucleon, consistent with experiments$^3$. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
U33.00003: Search for radiation signals from electrolytic cells Dennis J. Cravens There have been many reports of observed heat generated above joule heating from electrolytic systems. A high current density electrolytic system was designed to test for radiation signals other than IR from an electrolytic process. The system employs current densities on the order of 100 Amps/cm$^2$ and uses a large Beryllium sulfate heavy water neutron moderator/reflector. The search is planned to look at the visual spectrum, neutron emission, gamma emission, alpha emission and electrical signals in the current flow to the system. The electrolysis is preformed with a heavy water solution, and materials with large neutron cross sections will be employed at the electrodes. Results of the on-going investigation will be reported. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
U33.00004: Reproducibility of Excess of Power and Evidence of $^4$He in Palladium Foils Loaded with Deuterium M.M. Apicella, G. Mazzitelli, F. Sarto, E. Santoro, V. Violante, H. Branover , A. El Boher, S. Lesin, T. Zilov, I. Dardik, E. Castagna, C. Sibilia, M. McKubre, F. Tanzella Research at ENEA was oriented to material science study, in order to increase the deuterium concentration in palladium foils undergone to electrochemical loading and to triggering, in order to increase the reproducibility of excess of power production. Laser irradiation was used as trigger. Isoperibolic and flow calorimetry operating with electrochemical cells have been developed in order to reveal excess of power production. Nuclear ashes detection has been performed by means of high resolution and high sensitivity mass spectrometer. Material science studies allowed to obtain a palladium showing high solubility for hydrogen isotopes and giving deuterium concentration at equilibrium larger than 0.95 (as D/Pd atomic fraction) with a reproducibility larger than 90$\%$. Excess of power experiments have been successfully carried out at Energetics Laboratory and at SRI. by using materials prepared at ENEA.Preliminary measurements give an $^4$He signal in reasonable agreement with the expected D+D = $^4$He + heat reaction. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
U33.00005: Kinetics and Lumped Parameter Model of Tardive Excess Thermal Power Mitchell Swartz The time-integral of tardive excess thermal power (TETP) was previously misnamed "heat after death"\footnote{Pons, S., Fleischman, M., Trans Fusion Tech, 26, 4T, Part 2, p. 87 (1994).}. We have examined the kinetics of tardive excess thermal power (TETP) which occurs after driving, fully loaded, activated, spiral wound cold fusion Phusor cathodes (Pd/D2O/Pt;\footnote{Swartz. M., G. Verner, Proc. ICCF-10 (2004).}$^,$\footnote{Swartz. M., Proc.ICCF-10 (2003).}) at their optimal operating point\footnote{Swartz, M., Fusion Technology, 31, 63-74 (1997).}. TETP, after input electrical power produced an excess power (compared to an ohmic joule control) of 165$+/-$15 percent [excess power $\approx$1.3 Watts], had kinetics suggestive of two distinct sources or physical active regions within the lattice\footnote{Swartz. M., G. Verner, ICCF-11 (2004).}. An electrical engineering TETP model had good correlation. The active palladium lattice has a deuteron-loading capacitance of $\approx$64 micromoles per volt*. The lattice admittance for the TETP reactions ($\approx$7 picomoles/[sec-volt*]) is dwarfed by the admittance for outgassing deuteron loss ($\approx$15 nanomoles/[sec-volt*]). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
U33.00006: Models for Anomalies in Metal Deuterides Peter L. Hagelstein There have been a great many claims for anomalies in experiments on metal deuterides, including excess heat, heat correlated with helium, slow tritium, low-level dd-fusion, and particle emission not produced by dd-fusion reactions. We have studied models that involve phonon exchange with a highly excited phonon mode in the case of fusion reactions and disintegrations. We have recently generalized the approach to include phonon- mediated nuclear excitations. The resulting models may be applicable to experiments in which evidence for penetrating radiation is found, as well as to some transmutation effects. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
U33.00007: Bloch-Sensitive Nuclides Talbot A. Chubb Documented condensed matter nuclear science includes Fleischmann and Pons radiationless dd fusion reactions, Iwamura alpha-addition transmutations, and Oriani MeV particle showers. All require partitioned coherent matter in which fractions of each single ``wave like" particle are entangled\footnote{T. A. Chubb, ``Bloch Nuclides, Iwamura Transmutations, and Oriani Showers", ICCF11 Abstract}. If the work required to bring side-by-side deuterons into contact is somehow reduced enough, an energy-minimizing 2-body anti-correlation form of wave function replaces the "molecule" configuration, allowing cold fusion. In the Iwamura process, a second fusion step fuses 2 spin-zero $^4$He$^2$$^+$$_B$$_l$$_o$$_c$$_h$ ions to form $^8$Be$^4$$^+$$_B$$_l$$_o$$_c$$_h$. The nuclear ground state energy of the product nucleus is a function of the number of fragments into which it is partitioned. It is ``Bloch sensitive", i.e., its energy level is a function of N$_w$$_e$$_l$$_l$, the number of potential wells into which the $^8$Be$^4$$^+$$_B$$_l$$_o$$_c$$_h$ is partitioned. The dependence of energy on lattice parameter N$_w$$_e$$_l$$_l$ strongly couples nuclear and electromagnetic forces at the boundary of the coherently ordered volume, causing energy transfer to the lattice. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
U33.00008: Experiment and Theory for Nuclear Reactions in Nano-Materials Show e14 - e16 Solid-State Fusion Reactions Russ George Nano-lattices of deuterium loving metals exhibit coherent behavior by populations of deuterons (d's) occupying a Bloch state. Therein, coherent d-overlap occurs wherein the Bloch condition reduces the Coulomb barrier.Overlap of dd pairs provides a high probability fusion will/must occur. SEM photo evidence showing fusion events is now revealed by laboratories that load or flux d into metal nano-domains. Solid-state dd fusion creates an excited $^4$He nucleus entangled in the large coherent population of d's.This contrasts with plasma dd fusion in collision space where an isolated excited $^4$He nucleus seeks the ground state via fast particle emission. In momentum limited solid state fusion,fast particle emission is effectively forbidden.Photographed nano-explosive events are beyond the scope of chemistry. Corroboration of the nuclear nature derives from photographic observation of similar events on spontaneous fission, e.g. Cf. We present predictive theory, heat production, and helium isotope data showing reproducible e14 to e16 solid-state fusion reactions. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
U33.00009: Simultaneous Excess Power And Anomalous Radiation Melvin H. Miles Experimental studies of a Pd/D$_2$O + LiOD/Pt electrolysis cell displayed the characteristics of the excess power effect during seven occasions over a 22-day period \footnote{ M.H. Miles, J. Electroanal. Chem., 482, 56 (2000).}. These measurements clearly show the anomalous increase in the cell temperature from two thermistors despite the steadily decreasing electrical input power during electrolysis. During this same time period, the cell thermistor located close to the palladium cathode showed strange temperature excursions that suggest electromagnetic radiation emissions from this cathode \footnote{ M.H. Miles, “NEDO Final Report”, March 31, 1998. (see \urllink{http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/milesmnedofinalr.pdf)}{ http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/milesmnedofinalr.pdf}}. These sudden temperature excursions ranged from 1 to 16 $^o$C and quickly returned to normal$^2$. The second thermistor in this cell that was located at a more distant position, where any electromagnetic radiation from the cathode would have to pass through the platinum anode, showed only normal temperature behavior. Later studies using a set of five thermistors also showed anomalous temperature excursions for any thermistors placed in close contact with a Cs-137 radioactive source (b-decay, 94$\%$ 0.511 MeV energy). However, the number of such temperature excursions using Cs-137 was much less than the number observed in the active Pd/D$_2$O electrolysis cell for the same time period. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
U33.00010: Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion Device Roger S. Stringham We have developed a much improved cavitation system for sonofusion, compared to our initial systems. The new system is a low mass 1.6 MHz unit that produces 40 watts of excess heat with an acoustic input power of 17 watts. The increase in frequency (to 1.6 MHz from 40 KHz) increases the heat, improves the performance, shows reproducible results, and indicates durability. The calorimetry is a simple in flow through system. The difference between output and input temperature at steady-state, times the flow gives the power (calories/s) output of the sonofusion reactor. The energy density of this system is of the order of commercial energy suppliers. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
U33.00011: Cold Fusion, A Journalistic Investigation Steven B. Krivit Author of the recent book, $The$ $Rebirth$ $of$ $Cold$ $Fusion$, and founder of New Energy Times, Steven B. Krivit presents a summary of cold fusion's, past, present and possible future. This talk will briefly review five highlights of the recent New Energy Times investigation into cold fusion research:\\ 1. Analysis of early studies that supposedly disproved cold fusion.\\ 2. Key early corroborations that supported the claims of Fleischmann and Pons.\\ 3. The evolving understanding of cold fusion reaction paths and by-products.\\ 4. A look at volumetric power density.\\ 5. Brief comparison of the progress in hot fusion research as compared to cold fusion research.\\ New Energy Times, founded in 2000, is an independent communications company which currently specializes in reporting on cold fusion research\footnote{\urllink{References and copies of the presentation are available at www.newenergytimes.com/reports/aps2005.htm}{http://www.newenergytimes.com/reports/aps2005.htm}}. It has no affiliations with any organization, entity or party which invests in these technologies, nor any individual researcher or research facility. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
U33.00012: Why You Should Believe Cold Fusion is Real Edmund K. Storms Nuclear reactions are now claimed to be initiated in certain solid materials at an energy too low to overcome the Coulomb barrier. These reactions include fusion, accelerated radioactive decay, and transmutation involving heavy elements. Evidence is based on hundreds of measurements of anomalous energy using a variety of calorimeters at levels far in excess of error, measurement of nuclear products using many normally accepted techniques, observations of many patterns of behavior common to all studies, measurement of anomalous energetic emissions using accepted techniques, and an understanding of most variables that have hindered reproducibility in the past. This evidence can be found at \urllink{www.LENR-CANR.org}{www.LENR-CANR.org}. Except for an accepted theory, the claims have met all requirements normally required before a new idea is accepted by conventional science, yet rejection continues. How long can the US afford to reject a clean and potentially cheap source of energy, especially when other nations are attempting to develop this energy and the need for such an energy source is so great? [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 24, 2005 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
U33.00013: Framework for Understanding LENR Processes, Using Ordinary Condensed Matter Physics Scott Chubb As I have emphasized\footnote{\urllink{S.R. Chubb, Proc. ICCF10 (in press). Also, http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf} {http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf}, S.R. Chubb, Trans. Amer. Nuc. Soc. 88 , 618 (2003).}, in discussions of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions(LENRs), mainstream many-body physics ideas have been largely ignored. A key point is that in condensed matter, delocalized, wave-like effects can allow large amounts of momentum to be transferred instantly to distant locations, without any particular particle (or particles) acquiring high velocity through a Broken Gauge Symmetry. Explicit features in the electronic structure explain how this can occur$^1$ in finite size PdD crystals, with real boundaries. The essential physics$^1$ can be related to standard many-body techniques\footnote{Burke,P.G. and K.A. Berrington, \underline{Atomic} \underline{and} \underline{Molecular} \underline{Processes:}\underline{an} \underline{R matrix} \underline{Approach} (Bristol: IOP Publishing, 1993).}. In the paper, I examine this relationship, the relationship of the theory$^1$ to other LENR theories, and the importance of certain features (for example, boundaries$^1$) that are not included in the other LENR theories. [Preview Abstract] |
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U33.00014: Morphology of fission gas bubbles in fissioning uranium metal closely Russ George We investigate by SEM the micro-structural and basic phenomenological mechanisms governing the fission-gas and fusion-gas behaviour in metals. This comparative study clearly shows the characteristics of fission-gas bubbles (primarily helium and xenon) in uranium fuel metals have the same characteristics as fusion-gas bubbles (helium) in the solid-state fusion metal - palladium. The remarkably similar characteristic morphology clearly identifies the nuclear phenomenological origins of the gas bubbles in the palladium metal which are correllated and explained by the presence of a large amount of DD fusion. Allied evidence of anomalous heat production during cold fusion experiments suggests the nuclear process. Further analysis of these fusion metals by mass spectroscopy clearly identifies anomalous helium isotopes in large quantity were trapped in the palladium metal. [Preview Abstract] |
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