Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2005 2nd Joint Meeting of the Nuclear Physics Divisions of the APS and The Physical Society of Japan
Sunday–Thursday, September 18–22, 2005; Maui, Hawaii
Session EA: Applications of Nuclear Science |
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Sponsoring Units: DNP JPS Chair: Kenichi Imai, Kyoto University Room: Ritz-Carlton Hotel Salon 4 |
Wednesday, September 21, 2005 9:00AM - 9:45AM |
EA.00001: Recent Progress in Muon Science; Fusion Energy and Industrial Homeland -Security Application Invited Speaker: (1) Recently, unexpected phenomenon were discovered in muon catalyzed fusion experiment on D-T mixture: i) Anomalous $\mu^{-}$ regeneration from the stuck ($\alpha \mu)^{+}$ after the $\mu$CF in condensed D-T mixture suggesting an enhanced regeneration and reduced muon sticking in high-T condensed D-T ; ii) Sensitive dependence of (dd$\mu )$ molecular formation on the ortho/para-state controlled D$_{2}$ suggesting an enhanced (dt$\mu)$ formation in D-T mixture. Now, a clear future is seen for a realization of break-even. (2) By using the detection system of the near-horizontal cosmic-ray muon radiography originally developed for probing volcanic mountains, measurements were conducted to probe the inner structure of a blast furnace. The thickness of the brickwork was measured, yielding a crucial information for predicting the lifetime of the furnace. By extending muon radiography method using a compact accelerator system, a quick and element-selective detection of hidden special nuclear materials will become possible. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, September 21, 2005 9:45AM - 10:30AM |
EA.00002: Failures in Semiconductor Devices from Cosmic-Rays Induced Neutrons Invited Speaker: Neutron-induced failures in semiconductor devices are an increasing concern in the semiconductor industry. Understanding these failures involve several areas of nuclear science. Neutrons are produced in the upper atmosphere by cosmic-ray bombardment of nuclei in the air. Because the neutrons are uncharged, they have long mean-free paths and can reach aircraft altitudes and below. Neutron interactions in semiconductor devices produce ionized recoils or reaction products that deposit charge in the vicinity of nodes and cause the devices to fail. The types of failures include bit flips, latchups and burnout. Predicting the failure rate depends on knowing the neutron flux in the environment of the semiconductor device and the response of the device to neutrons. Many companies have measured the system response at an accelerated rate by using the high-energy Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) spallation neutron source. The LANSCE source produces a neutron spectrum that is very similar in shape to the neutron spectrum produced by cosmic rays in the earth's atmosphere but is approximately 10$^{8}$ times more intense than the sea-level neutron flux. This acceleration factor allows testing of semiconductor devices to measure their response and development and testing of failure models and approaches to mitigation. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, September 21, 2005 10:30AM - 11:15AM |
EA.00003: Particle Therapy with use of Accelerators Invited Speaker: In many countries, cancer is the largest fraction of mortality and overcome of this disease is one of the most important subjects in health of mankind. Nowadays, medical application of nuclear physics has been developed in many branches. Among those, the cancer treatment with use of particle accelerator is the most prominent development. There are two streams in charged particle therapy, either proton or heavy ion therapies. In many institutions, medical treatments on charged particle therapy are ongoing, and in addition new facilities for medically dedicated accelerator are under construction. In my presentation, starting from principles of methodology in this science and technology for medical application, the overview on present status of their activities and research works for advancement toward future will be described. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, September 21, 2005 11:15AM - 12:00PM |
EA.00004: Detection of well-shielded special nuclear material in cargo containers via active neutron interrogation Invited Speaker: Approximately 6 million cargo containers arrive at U.S. seaports annually, carrying up to 30 tons of non-homogenous cargo each. Highly enriched uranium (HEU) and other special nuclear material concealed inside these containers is difficult to detect with existing portal monitors. This is due in part to the attenuation of low energy $\gamma$-rays in the cargo. A new system is currently being developed to reduce the likelihood of false-negative and false-positive detections of fissile material in the cargo, without slowing the flow of commerce through the port. The technique utilizes a neutron beam to induce fission, and a wall of plastic scintillators to detect subsequent delayed high-energy $\gamma$-rays after $\beta$-decay of the fission products [1]. The delayed $\gamma$-rays above 3 MeV are highly penetrating and have energies above natural background radiation. Because half-lives of most of the fission products are less than 160 seconds, decay curves over 100 second intervals become an efficient diagnostic. Previously, experiments using 14 MeV neutrons with HEU hidden in wood and steel have shown the $^{16}$O(n,p)$^{16}$N reaction to be a significant interference due to 6 MeV $\gamma$-rays produced from the decay of $^{16}$N. New experimental work using a 3-7 MeV broad spectrum neutron beam will be presented and compared to simulations and past experimental results. This work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contract No. W-7405-Eng-4. \\ \\ \medskip [1] E.B.\,Norman {\it{et al.}}, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, {\bf{521}}, 608 (2004). [Preview Abstract] |
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