Bulletin of the American Physical Society
66th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference
Volume 58, Number 8
Monday–Friday, September 30–October 4 2013; Princeton, New Jersey
Session SF3: Biomedical Applications II |
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Chair: Gregory Fridman, Drexel University Room: Nassau Room |
Friday, October 4, 2013 8:30AM - 8:45AM |
SF3.00001: Controlling Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) Production by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets Using Gas Shields Seth Norberg, Ansgar Schmidt-Bleker, Jorn Winter, Stephan Reuter, Eric Johnsen, Mark J. Kushner Atmospheric pressure plasma jets are a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) for many applications, including plasma medicine. A current challenge is to deliver RONS to surfaces in a controllable manner. One such control strategy is using gas shields around the plasma jet to minimize the generation of less desired RONS by preventing ambient gases from interacting with the plasma jet effluent. In this paper, we report on results of a computational investigation of the production of RONS from plasma jets into ambient air consisting of helium seeded with either N$_{2}$ or O$_{2}$ surrounded by a flowing gas shield and the flux of those species to a treated surface. The model used in this study, \textit{nonPDPSIM}, solves transport equations for charged and neutral species, Poisson's equation, the electron energy equation for the electron temperature, and Navier-Stokes equations for the neutral gas flow. The shield gas has significant effects on unwanted RONS in the effluent of the plasma jet. N$_{2}$ shield gas will minimize hydroxide and other reactive oxygen species in the effluent and to the surface. Similarly, O$_{2}$ shield gas can reduce the production of nitric oxide and prevent the formation of other nitrogen compounds on the surface. Comparisons will be made to experimental measurements of optical emission from plasma jets using gas shields. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 4, 2013 8:45AM - 9:00AM |
SF3.00002: Plasma polymerization of 2-chloro-p-xylene to produce a crystalline plasma parylene C film Isabel C. Estrada-Raygoza, Stephan L. Thamban, Lawrence Overzet, Matthew Goeckner The following work reports the study of the plasma polymerization of 2-chloro-p-xylene monomer to produce a plasma polymer film like Parylene C, a biocompatible polymer widely used in the medical field. This is the first example of a plasma polymer that presents a degree of crystallinity. Our data suggests that the film growth/polymerization of plasma deposited Parylene C is affected by both the adsorption of the monomer in the surface and the generation of precursors for polymerization by the plasma. Film deposition occurred mostly in areas exposed to ion bombardment, thus polymerization of the films is likely to be enhanced by ions but we cannot discard some small radical contribution. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and an electron beam OES diagnostic tools to study the dissociation, excitation and ionization fragments produced in the plasma discharge. The main products of the monomer breakup are HCl, CH4, C2H2, H, H2, Cl, Cl2, CH, HCl$+$ and a mix of aromatic ions/radicals. By using a novel OES e-beam diagnostic we could track real time changes in the OES intensities of the excited species being produced and consumed in the plasma. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 4, 2013 9:00AM - 9:15AM |
SF3.00003: Reactive Species Processes in Plasma-, Gas-, and Liquid-Phase Stephan Reuter, Joern Winter, Malte Hammer, Ansgar Schmidt-Bleker, Sylvain Iseni, Helena Tresp, Mario D\"unnbier, Kai Masur, Kristian Wende, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann Especially for the field of plasma medicine, plasmas interacting with liquids are of great interest for environmental, chemical, and biomedical applications. In this work we present optical diagnostics on atmospheric pressure plasma jets interacting with liquids. Combining the diagnostic results with numerical simulations yields an understanding of fundamental processes such as air species diffusion into the jet effluents or the influence on humidity. Especially for plasma treatment of physiological liquids in ambient air, atmospheric species play a key role. To achieve a desired reactive component output, the generation processes from these ambient air species are controlled. Plasma jets are characterized by planar laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy, by absorption and emission spectroscopy, and by flow simulations. With the gained knowledge we are able to tailor the reactive component composition and to influence plasma jet-liquid interaction. We show that reactive species generation within plasma treated liquid can be tuned and apply the findings to biological cells to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The plasma treated liquids are investigated regarding their pH value, OH radicals, nitrate and nitrite, and H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ content. From the tailored plasma treatment a significant insight into the relevant transport processes in plasma treatment of liquids has been gained. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 4, 2013 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
SF3.00004: Controlling the Effluent Chemistry of a CAP jet for Biomedical Applications: FTIR Diagnostics and Gas Phase Modeling Ansgar Schmidt-Bleker, Joern Winter, Sylvain Iseni, Mario Duennbier, Annemarie Barton, Lena Bundscherer, Kristian Wende, Kai Masur, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann, Stephan Reuter The use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) jets with shielding gas devices has proven to be a valuable tool for biomedical applications of plasmas. In order to understand which active components generated by the plasma source trigger desired biological effects, a deeper insight into the species output of CAP jets is necessary. In this work we investigate the effect of different shielding gas compositions using a CAP jet (kinpen) operated with argon. As shielding gas various mixtures of N$_{2}$ and O$_{2}$ are used with relative humidity ranging from 0 to 100{\%}. For all conditions the densities of O$_{3}$, NO$_{2}$, HNO$_{3}$, N$_{2}$O$_{5}$ and N$_{2}$O in the far-field of the jet are determined using Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A kinetic model for the neutral species humid air chemistry is fitted to the experimental data. The model yields insight into the processes in the CAP jets effluent. It is used to extrapolate the measured data to 2D density maps for each species depending on the O$_{2}$/(O$_{2}+$N$_{2})$ ratio and the relative humidity. The 2D maps serve as a basis for the design of further biological and physical experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 4, 2013 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
SF3.00005: Measurement of O and OH radical produced by an atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet nearby rat skin Seiya Yonemori, Ryo Ono Atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet is getting much attention because it enables many kinds of plasma applications including biomedical application such as sterilization and cancer treatment. In biomedical plasma applications, it is though that active species like ions and radicals play important role. Especially, OH radical and O atom is very chemically reactive that they are deemed as major factors in cancer treatment. In this study, O and OH density distribution and its temporal behavior nearby rat skin were measured to demonstrate actual application. Plasma discharge was under AC10 kVp-p, 10 kHz with 1.5 slm (standard litter per minute) of helium gas flow. OH density was around 1 ppm and O atom density was around 10 ppm at maximum. We also measured time-evolution of OH and O atom density. Both OH and O density was almost constant between discharge pulses because lifetime of active species could be prolonged in helium. And density distribution of both species varied depending on helium flow rate and water concentration on the surface; on rat skin or on the grass surface. Those results suggest the production mechanisms and provision mechanisms of O atom and OH radical by an atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 4, 2013 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
SF3.00006: Plasma-polymerized methyl methacrylate via intense and highly energetic atmospheric pressure micro-plasma for bio-medical applications Choon-Sang Park, John Ballato, Sung-O Kim Poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA, has been widely used as a biocompatible material in bone cement, dental fillings, and many other bio-related applications. Vacuum plasmas and radio frequency (RF) atmospheric plasmas are the most common methods for depositing plasma-derived thin films and nanoparticles. However, the necessary equipment is difficult to operate and maintain as well as being large and expensive. Here, we report the use of a novel intense and highly energetic atmospheric pressure plasma jet array using direct plasma jet-to-jet coupling effects to deposit high quality plasma-polymerized MMA (PPMMA) for bio-medical applications. The newly proposed atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet array device can generate the intense plasma mode with a strong plasma emission and high plasma particle energy. PPMMA was successfully deposited on a variety of substrates and characterized by SEM, AFM, and FT-IR. The micro-plasma jet is obtained at a sinusoidal voltage with a peak value of 30 kV and frequency of 35 kHz. Argon gas was employed as the discharge gas for plasma generation and its flow rate was in the range of 2230 sccm, Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was vaporized by means of a glass bubbler which was supplied by argon gas with flow rates in the range of 268 sccm from room temperature to 400$^{\circ}$C. The deposited PPMMA thin films were flexible, transparent, thin, and strong on metal substrates. [Preview Abstract] |
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