Bulletin of the American Physical Society
66th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference
Volume 58, Number 8
Monday–Friday, September 30–October 4 2013; Princeton, New Jersey
Session ET3: Green Plasma Technologies I |
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Chair: Mohan Sankaran, Case Western Reserve University Room: Nassau Room |
Tuesday, October 1, 2013 1:30PM - 2:00PM |
ET3.00001: Plasma enhanced C1 chemistry for green technology Invited Speaker: Tomohiro Nozaki Plasma catalysis is one of the innovative next generation green technologies that meet the needs for energy and materials conservation as well as environmental protection. Non-thermal plasma uniquely generates reactive species independently of reaction temperature, and these species are used to initiate chemical reactions at unexpectedly lower temperatures than normal thermochemical reactions. Non-thermal plasma thus broadens the operation window of existing chemical conversion processes, and ultimately allows modification of the process parameters to minimize energy and material consumption. We have been specifically focusing on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as one of the viable non-thermal plasma sources for practical fuel reforming. In the presentation, room temperature one-step conversion of methane to methanol and hydrogen using a miniaturized DBD reactor (microplasma reactor) is highlighted. The practical impact of plasma technology on existing C1-chemistry is introduced, and then unique characteristics of plasma fuel reforming such as non-equilibrium product distribution is discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 1, 2013 2:00PM - 2:15PM |
ET3.00002: Development of a high mass-transfer dielectric barrier discharge reactor dedicated to the degradation of persistent organic pollutants in water Olivier Lesage, Jean-marc Commenges, Willy Morscheidt, Xavier Duten, Michael Tatoulian, Simeon Cavadias, Stephanie Ognier Some organic compounds such as pCBA are refractory to ozone oxidation. In that context, an AOP based on the use of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) working in air at atmospheric pressure has been developed. The process consists in a Thin Falling Film Plasma Reactor (TFFPR) where a discharge is created in the gaseous gap between a high voltage electrode and the surface of the water to treat. To improve radical species transfer, a microstructured plate was used to obtain a thin water film flow. Solution of pCBA was treated in the TFFPR with two different plates (SS316L and Brass). The concentrations of pCBA, NO3- and NO2- were measured using liquid chromatography. To understand the influence of the surface of the material, the NOx concentration on the gas phase and to quantify the flux of HO, we made a simulation with a CFD code. Our results indicated that the DBD directly in contact with liquid can be efficient to oxidize persistent molecules (80{\%} after 30 min) and are brought out the production of HO in the liquid phase. Indeed, the simulation showed that 50{\%} of HO are trapped by NO2-. The efficiency can be increasing by avoiding NOx formation. For brass, the efficiency is reduced to 50{\%} due to corrosion reactions of the material. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 1, 2013 2:15PM - 2:30PM |
ET3.00003: Study of organic pollutants oxidation by atmospheric plasma discharge Diane Gumuchian, Simeon Cavadias, Xavier Duten, Michael Tatoulian, Patrick Da Costa, Stephanie Ognier Ozonation is one of the usual steps in water treatment processes. However, some organic molecules (acetic acid) cannot be decomposed during ozonation. In that context, we are developing an Advanced Oxidation Process based on the use of a needle plate discharge at atmospheric pressure. The process is a reactor with a plasma discharge between a high voltage electrode and the solution in controlled atmosphere. Characterizations of the plasma obtained in different atmospheres were carried out (Optical Emission Spectroscopy, iCCD camera observations, etc). The efficiency of the process was evaluated by the percentage of degradation of the model-pollutant, measured by liquid chromatography analysis. Treatments in nitrogen lead to the formation of NOx species that decrease the efficiency of the process. Indeed, NOx lead to the consumption of actives species created. Treatments in argon are the most efficient. Two hypotheses are considered: (i) metastable argon participates to the degradation of acetic acid or to the formation of radicals (ii) discharges in argon lead to the formation of many streamers of low energy that increase the interface plasma/solution. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 1, 2013 2:30PM - 2:45PM |
ET3.00004: Hydrogen sulfide dissociation in nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge Kirill Gutsol, Alexander Rabinovich, Alexander Gutsol, Alexander Fridman Hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S) is a byproduct of oil refinement, and it comprises a large portion of natural gas deposits. The minimum dissociation energy of hydrogen sulfide is only 0.2 eV/molec, and it is very important commercially. The process of hydrogen sulfide dissociation was investigated in nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (ns-DBD). Experiments on dissociation of H$_2$S in ns-DBD allows for effective separation of ion-molecular and thermal effects, which is necessary for understanding the potential and limitations of plasma dissociation of hydrogen sulfide. The study was performed in a reactor, in which there is no contact between any metal parts (including electrodes) and H$_2$S. It is well known that many common metals and alloys either react or catalyze H$_2$S dissociation (especially at elevated temperature); our reactor design eliminates this problem. This study was performed in a moderately low pressure reactor (50 - 200 Torr) with 100\% pure hydrogen sulfide. The minimum dissociation energy cost was found to be less than 5 eV/molec at room temperature, which is significantly better than results obtained in earlier studies using discharges with high $E/n$ and low gas temperature. [Preview Abstract] |
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