Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2015 Annual Meeting of the Far West Section of the APS
Thursday–Saturday, October 29–31, 2015; Long Beach, California
Session P1: Poster Session |
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Chair: Alla Safronova, University of Nevada, Reno Room: CBA-Patio |
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P1.00001: Pure Gravitational Field Florentin Smarandache The General Theory of Relativity asserts that it is possible to have a pure gravitational field, without any matter at all, which acts as a source for itself. Then the following questions arise: What does happen to the cosmic travelling small, medium and massive objects and to the atomic and sub-atomic particles in this pure gravitational field? Do they fall to the bottom of the pure gravitational field, and do they eventually form a compact cosmic body whose own gravitational field is this pure gravitational field? Does it exist any experiment proving that gravity influences light speed or light trajectory? Does indeed gravity attract light? \textbraceleft The light escaping or not a gravitational field in General Theory of Relativity or in a Black Hole can be considered if it has been experimentally proven that light is influenced by gravity.\textbraceright Also, if mass produces gravity and gravity produces mass, then it results that pure gravitational field will produce/generate some mass. How? Will objects, dust, particles be attracted in and condensed into a compact body inside of this pure gravitational field? [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00002: SDSS J1632$+$3505: A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to a Nearby Main-Sequence Star Gretel Mercado, Adam Burgasser, Carl Melis Brown dwarf companions to stars are valuable to the advancement of brown dwarf knowledge. These sources are advantageous finds because fundamental properties, such as mass and age, are difficult to measure for brown dwarfs, but can be obtained for their main sequence primaries. We have identified a brown dwarf, SDSS J1632$+$3505, as a likely companion to the sun-like star HD 149361. We propose that this pair is gravitationally bound by determining similar distances (29$+$/-5 pc for brown dwarf; 36$+$/-6 pc for star) and similar proper motions. We classify the near-infrared spectrum of SDSS J1632$+$3505 as an L1 dwarf with a temperature of 1900$+$/-200 K. We also find a rough age estimate of 400$+$/-200 Myr. Using high-resolution optical spectroscopy, we classify HD 149361 as K0 $+$/- 2 subtypes, with a temperature of 5250$+$/-350 K. Using lithium abundance relations, we estimate an age around 300$+$/-200 Myr. The consistency between the distances, proper motions, and ages confirm coevality although chromospheric activity may be used as an age indicator to further constrain the age of the star and declare this system a useful benchmark for testing atmosphere models of cool stars, brown dwarfs, and extrasolar planets. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00003: Astrometric Calibration of the Gemini Planet Imager Debby Tran, Quinn Konopacky The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), housed on the 8-meter Gemini South telescope in Chile, is a new instrument designed to detect Jupiter-like extrasolar planets by direct imaging. It relies on adaptive optics to correct the effects of atmospheric turbulence, along with an advanced coronagraph and calibration system. One of the scientific goals of GPI is to measure the orbital properties of the planets it discovers. Because these orbits have long periods, precise measurements of the relative position between the star and the planet (relative astrometry) is required. In this poster, I will present the astrometric calibration of GPI. We constrain the plate scale and orientation of the camera by observing different binary star systems with both GPI and another well-calibrated instrument, NIRC2, at the Keck telescope in Hawaii. We measure their separations with both instruments and use that information to calibrate the plate scale. By taking these calibration measurements over the course of one year, we have measured the plate scale to 0.05{\%} and shown that it is stable across multiple epochs. I will also discuss our effort to correct for optical distortion using pinhole masks in the laboratory. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00004: Investigation of Very Fast Light Detectors: Silicon Photomultiplier and Micro PMT for a Cosmic Ray Array Omar Cervantes, Liliana Reyes, Tyler Hooks, Luis Perez, Stefan Ritt To construct a cosmic detector array using 4 scintillation detectors, we investigated 2 recent light sensor technologies from Hamamatsu, as possible readout detectors. First, we investigated several home-made versions of the multipixel photon counter (MPPC) light sensors. These detectors were either biased with internal or external high voltage power supplies. We made extensive measurements to confirm for the coincidence of the MPPC devices. Each sensor is coupled to a wavelength shifting fiber (WSF) that is embedded along a plastic scintillator sheet (30cmx60cmx1/4''). Using energetic cosmic rays, we evaluated several of these home-made detector modules placed above one another in a light proof enclosure. Next, we assembled 2 miniaturized micro photomultiplier (micro PMT), a device recently marketed by Hamamatsu. This sensors showed very fast response times. With 3 WSF embedded in scintillator sheets, we performed coincidence experiments. The detector waveforms were captured using the 5GS/sec domino ring sampler, the DRS4 and our work flow using the CERN PAW package and data analysis results would be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00005: Testing the behavior of gravity at the 20-micron distance scale. Ian Guerrero, C.D. Hoyle, Jeremy Johnson At Humboldt State University, faculty and undergraduates have been motivated by the incompatibility of the Standard Model and General Relativity (GR) to design an experiment that will test the behavior of gravity at the 20-micron distance scale. Any extensions of string theory which may help to unify GR and the Standard Model, also predict differences in the inverse square law of gravity. This provides many other interesting implications including the possibility of more spatial dimensions then we can currently discern. The experiment will measure the twist of a torsion pendulum as an attractor mass is oscillated nearby in a parallel-plate configuration that will provide a time varying torque on the pendulum. The size and distance dependence of the torque variation will provide means to determine deviations from accepted models of gravity on untested distance scales. This poster will include recent data taken by the lab, as well as several updates to our experiment. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00006: Study of scattering points on LIGO mirror Lamar Glover, Riccardo DeSalvo, Bill Kells, Innocenzo Pinto Light scatterers on the surface of the dielectric mirrors of Gravitational Wave detectors are responsible for a large fraction of the stored beam light losses, and limit the sensitivity and range of detection of observations. Spatial and amplitude distribution studies of these scatterers on LIGO mirrors are attempted, in an effort to identify common characteristics of the scattering points. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00007: Study on the Energy Density in Plate Capacitor Systems Jung Hyun Lee, Luther Lu, Soo Young Kang A capacitor, designed to store electrical charge, can have a range of capacitance depending on different factors. This study examines the behavior of a capacitor subject to various combinations of dielectric connections. The motivation for this research stems from recent studies that have shown the effectiveness of dielectric capacitors, reaching record-high energy storage surpassing that of batteries. This demonstrates that dielectrics allow a capacitor to store more charge with the same supplied voltage. By using mathematical models, we can evaluate the effect of the dielectrics on a capacitor's capacitance and determine the adjustment to the electric field distribution of the system. We have solved systems for parallel and perpendicular dielectric composites, deriving both power and equivalent capacitance for an infinite connection of capacitors. Furthermore, computer simulations will integrate data such as the capacitor system's area, thickness, material properties, and dielectric permittivity to more accurately depict the system. Studying these dielectrics may significantly reduce the size and energy consumption of capacitor systems. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00008: Neutrino Masses and Cosmic Ray Energies below the GZK Cut-Off Friedwardt Winterberg In the seesaw hypothesis the small neutrino mass is related to the very large mass of the order 10$^{\mathrm{27}}$ eV (GUT mass), far above the GZK cut-off for cosmic rays. Here we propose that the vacuum of space is a Planck mass plasma of positive and negative Planck mass particles [1]. In this hypothesis Dirac spinors of mass $m$ are composed of gravitationally bound very large positive and negative masses, m$^{\mathrm{\pm }} \quad =$ \textpm (žmc/2G)$^{\mathrm{1/3}}$ ( G, gravitational constant) [2]. For the neutrino mass m $=$ 0.06 eV, one has m$^{\mathrm{\pm }} \quad \approx $ \textpm 2 x 10$^{\mathrm{18}}$ eV, located near the minimum of the ankle for the cosmic ray spectrum. This is just below the GZK cut-off, where the incoming cosmic radiation would resonantly interact with a neutrino dark matter background, showing in the depression of the cosmic ray spectrum at this energy. [1] F. Winterberg, Z. Naturforsch. \textbf{58a}, 231 (2003). [2] H. H\"{o}nl and A. Papapetrou, Z. Phys. \textbf{114}, 478 (1939). [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00009: $\backslash $pardSearch for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) $=$ 13 TeV measured with the ATLAS Detector.$\backslash $pard Meghan Frate h $-abstract-$\backslash $pardA search for new phenomena produced in LHC proton-proton collisions with the first 80 pb$^{\mathrm{-1}}$ of data collected at center-of-mass energy 13 TeV has been performed with the ATLAS detector. The mass and angular distribution of the two highest transverse momentum jets has been studied and compared against Standard Model QCD background. The mass and angular analyses offer complimentary studies of physics beyond the Standard Model, with the mass distribution sensitive to narrow resonances and the angular distribution sensitive to wide resonances and non-resonant signatures. Both distributions have been found to be consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model. In the presence of no new phenomena, we have been able to set limits on a signal model. Due to a high production rate of dijet events at the LHC, this analysis is able to set competitive limits on Quantum Black Hole masses with a limited data set. We exclude Quantum Black Holes with masses below 6.8 TeV or 6.5 TeV in two benchmark models. $\backslash $pard$\backslash $pard-/abstract-$\backslash $\tex [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00010: Bio-Image Resolution Enhancement Using a Gaussian Function Bokeun Kwon, Kyuyeol Kim, Jae Won Lim Using various filters to produce an MRI image of a human brain, we gather data on ways to decrease the size of a frequency domain in a relatively large k-space. We are able to create the image in a smaller scale by using MRI filters based on proposed Gaussian equations instead of those based on common Gaussian function and square equations. Unlike a square equation, Gaussian equation allows k-space data to be recorded in more directions. As the exponential power changes, the filter can capture more or less data in k-space data. Therefore determining that the best image is shown when a certain number is chosen. Classically, when the data located at the center of K-space is selected, the Inverse Fourier Transformation provides a clear image. However, when the data located at the periphery of K-space is selected, the resulting image only contains a clear border with no details. This research, by combining the observed data the proposed equation, is conducted to observe an improved algorithm that not only increases the MRI image quality, but also decreases the time taken to produce the image. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00011: Spectroscopic Modeling of Radiation from Stainless Steel Double Planar Wire Array Experiments on the LTD Generator at U Michigan. M. Lorance, A. Stafford, A.S. Safronova, V.L. Kantsyrev, I.K. Shrestha, V.V. Shlyaptseva, M.T. Schmidt-Petersen, M.C. Cooper, A.M. Steiner, D.A. Yager-Elorriaga, N.M. Jordan, R.M. Gilgenbach New planar wire array (PWA) experiments were carried out on the MAIZE Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) generator at the University of Michigan (UM) during the second campaign in August 2015. Stainless steel 304 (68{\%} Fe, 19{\%} Cr, and 9{\%} Ni) Double PWAs comprised of two planes of six wires each with array masses of 20 or 44 $\mu $g were imploded. X-ray spectra were gathered with an x-ray time-integrated axially resolved spectrometer to record L-shell Fe radiation between 10-16 Å and X-ray pinhole images of radiation source were collected and compared with the spectra. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium kinetic modeling was used to identify diagnostically important spectral features and to estimate plasma parameters.. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00012: Renovating ``Sparky'' Facility to Investigate Gas-puff Z-pinches with X-ray Focusing Spectrometers M.C. Cooper, V.L. Kantsyrev, A.S. Safronova, I.K. Shrestha, V.V. Shlyaptseva, K.A. Schultz, A. Stafford, E.E. Petkov, M.T. Schmidt-Petersen, W. Cline, C. Davidson The compact x-ray/EUV facility ``Sparky'' at the UNR Physics Department's Plasma Physics and Diagnostics Laboratory (PPDL) was renovated to obtain high density and temperature plasmas with gas-puff Z-pinch experiments. The renovated facility will be used for plasma dynamics and radiation studies, benchmarking of theoretical codes, calibration of x-ray diagnostics, and training of UNR physics students. In ``Sparky'' vacuum spark tests, up to 110 kA with a 1-1.5 $\mu $s rise time have been measured with the capacitor bank at 17 kV of its 25 kV capacity. A gas-puff system has been developed with pre-ionization capabilities. Interferometry and Rayleigh scattering measurements indicate a hollow shell structure in the density of the supersonic Ar gas jet. A Hamos type spectrometer using a mica crystal and a Johann type spectrometer using a Si crystal were designed for x-ray spectroscopy of ``Sparky'' Z-pinches. Both spectrometers were tested with the UNR Leopard sub-ps laser and recorded x-ray spectra from laser interactions with Ar and Kr gas-puff jets from supersonic nozzles. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00013: Progress on the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers to search for Exotic physics (GNOME) Dominic Fuentes, Garrett DeCamp, Christopher Palm, Isaac Viegas, Derek Kimball, Dmitry Budker, Arne Wickenbrock, Samer Afach, Szymon Pustelny, Maxim Pospelov We discuss progress on the design and construction of a network of geographically separated, timesynchronized ultrasensitive atomic comagnetometers to search for correlated transient signals heralding new physics. The Global Network of Optical Magnetometers to search for Exotic physics (GNOME) would be sensitive to nuclear and electron spin couplings to various exotic fields generated by astrophysical sources. To date, no such search has ever been carried out, making the GNOME a novel experimental window on new physics. A specific example of new physics detectable with the GNOME, presently unconstrained by astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments, is a network of domain walls of light pseudoscalar fields. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00014: \begin{center} Multipole Excitations of Fullerene Molecules \end{center} Krishna Lamichhane, Kashmir Lamichhane, Matthias Brack, Peter Winkler Collective properties of quantum systems are always of special interest because they can lead to macroscopic, observable effects. A famous example is the electronic vibrations in metal clusters which give church windows their spectacular appearance. A proven method to study the physics of metal clusters is the local current approximation (LCA). It is a semi-classical method and will be introduced and derived from a general variational principle. Here it is applied to electronic vibrations of the valence electrons of fullerene molecules. The bulk of the valence electrons is treated as a semi-classical fluid that does not only exhibit translational but also compressional vibrations. The coupling of these two modes has been studied and shown to be in good agreement with data from photoionization experiments on C$_{\mathrm{60}}$. The same semi-classical approach has been applied to study the energies of higher angular momentum resonances. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00015: Computational study of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by dialkyl phenyl phosphate derivatives. Walter Alvarado, Sean McCoy, Jeannette Gonzalez, Trina Tran, Analisa Garcia, Ken Nakayama, Jason Schwanns, Eric Sorin Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that allows for communication between nerve and muscle cells. While acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the primary enzyme responsible for the breakdown of ACh to regulate intercellular communication, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an AChE-like scavenger enzyme, also breaks down both ACh and larger choline derivatives. In persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), BChE activity has been found to gradually increase over time and increased BChE activity is believed to significantly decrease synaptic ACh levels, thereby disrupting intercellular communication. It is therefore of interest to explore BChE-specific inhibitors as potential pharmaceutical approaches to the treatment of AD. Dialkyl phenyl phosphate (DAPP) derivatives are organophosphates that mimic the ester moeity of ACh. As such, DAPP derivatives are expected to interact with the BChE binding pocket in a manner similar to that of natural physiological substrates. This study employs massive flexible-inhibitor docking calculations to predict the relative binding affinity between the enzyme and a number of DAPP derivatives, as well as the optimal binding orientation of each DAPP derivative within the BChE active site. Our results reproduce experimental trends in binding affinity and indicate that DAPP derivatives with substitutions at the ortho- and meta- positions of the phenyl ring will show increased inhibitory strength, while para- substitutions will generally be detrimental due to steric clash with active site residues. These findings provide insight into the structural preference of BChE for specific DAPP derivatives and provide a framework for future inhibitor design and testing. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00016: A search for violations in the spin statistics theorem using laser-cooled strontium atoms Alexander Penaflor, Dominic Fuentes, Michael Phung, Aracely Cobos, Taichi Inaki, Jennie Guzman We are beginning an experiment to search for violations of the spin-statistics theorem (SST) for photons. Using laser-cooled strontium atoms, we will set constraints on the SST-forbidden two-photon transition between states with angular momentum J$=$0 and J'$=$1. In order to stimulate a transition between these two states, the pair of photons would need to possess total angular momentum J$=$1, which is an exchange-antisymmetric state forbidden by the SST. This new experimental search is motivated by enhancements to the sensitivity of possible SST violations that come from using laser-cooled strontium. These enhancements will enable an improvement in sensitivity by a few orders of magnitude compared to previous searches. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00017: Fabrication of Wafer-scale Low Resistance, Single Carbon Nanotube Devices Arith Rajapakse, Philip Collins The remarkable physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have captivated nanoscience researchers since their discovery. In particular, their high current density and thermal conductivity make CNTs ideal conductors and semiconductors for nanoelectronics. In the Collins Research Group at UC Irvine, single CNT devices are utilized as field effect transistors to measure the activity of proteins such as lysozymes or DNA polymerase I on a single molecule scale. Despite the abundance of single CNT research, a primary challenge facing CNT-based electronics remains the fabrication of clean, single CNT devices on a wafer-scale. This project explores new CNT synthesis and device fabrication methods that aim to produce high quality CNT devices with wafer-scale reproducibility in order to enable arrays of single molecule measurements. Specifically, the project combines a number of best practices developed by CNT experts worldwide, novel growth recipes developed at UC Irvine, and a sophisticated synthesis apparatus critical for achieving reproducible results. Acceptable device resistance, CNT noise, gate leakage and hysteresis can each be achieved with appropriate fabrication methods, and in this project these methods are being combined to efficiently produce clean, low-resistance CNT devices across 4'' wafers. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00018: NMR in New BiS$_2$-Layered Superconductor LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$ Shrishti Yadav, Oscar Bernal, Lei Shu, Jian Zhang A new BiS$_2$-layered compound, LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$, was recently discovered to be a superconducting material ($T_c\sim{3}$~K, ambient pressure and $\sim{10}$~K, 2~GPa). We are conducting a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study ofLaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$ to shed light on its superconducting properties as functions of temperature and magnetic field. Our study emphasizes the NMR of $^{19}$F nuclei between the temperatures of 15~K to 2~K. We present spectral parameters and spin-spin $T_2$ relaxation time data which occur above and below the superconducting state. Our data indicate changes of behavior below $T=10$~K in a sample for which $T_c\sim{3}$~K. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00019: Extracting the topological entropy for a particle-hole symmetric ansatz of the fractional quantum hall effect in the half-filled second Landau level John McCord, Michael Peterson Quantum entanglement measurements have proven useful in characterizing many-body quantum states. In particular, entanglement entropy is a highly effective tool for probing topological order. In this work, we estimate the topological entanglement entropy for a particle-hole symmetric ansatz of the fractional quantum hall effect in the half-filled second Landau level. As a preliminary measure we characterize the parent Hamiltonian, in terms of Haldane pseudopotentials, that produces the particle-hole symmetric ansatz as its exact ground state. We then probe its topological order by estimating the topological entanglement entropy. We find the topological entanglement entropy to be $1.2 \pm 0.4$ (the non-Abelian Moore-Read Pfaffian state has topological entanglement entropy of $\gamma = \ln(8)/2 \approx 1.04$ for comparison). [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00020: Gold Surface Roughness Dependence on Growth of Copper Phthalocyanine Erika Escobar, Thomas Gredig The phthalocyanine molecule is of primary importance in designing gas sensors, photovoltaic devices, and magnetic systems. Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films of thickness 30 nm are deposited on gold-coated silicon substrates with varying deposition temperatures and increasing amounts of gold to modify the seed layer roughness. X-ray diffraction in Bragg-Brentano configuration was used to determine the crystal structure of the CuPc thin films. Results indicate that the CuPc thin films deposited at higher growth temperatures and thicker gold films have diminished peak intensities for a d-spacing at 1.3 nm. The data suggest that CuPc crystals can grow on gold surfaces with the b-axis aligned either parallel or perpendicular depending on the substrate roughness. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00021: Microbeam performance measurements of an integrated x-ray tube and polycapillary x-ray lens system for medical x-ray fluorescence research Mihai Gherase, Andres Felipe Vargas Research and development of polycapillary x-ray lenses (PXLs) in the past few decades have significantly improved the performance of x-ray tube-based devices intended for x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications. PXLs are bundled micron-size glass capillaries that guide x-ray photons. Focusing capabilities of PXLs can augment the photon fluence rate of x-ray beams by a few orders of magnitude. PXLs work on the basis of the total x-ray reflection mechanism in which the x-ray photon reflects on a surface for incident angles below a critical angle. The critical angle is inverse proportional to the x-ray photon energy. Therefore, the optical parameters of PXLs are energy-dependent. In this study size measurements of an x-ray beam produced by an integrated polycapillary x-ray lens and x-ray tube system were performed using a scanning x-ray fluorescence method with three different thin metallic wires. The proposed method is useful in XRF applications for which the effective x-ray beam size for elemental detection is required. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00022: The Mass Paradox Florentin Smarandache The increasing mass in a moving frame of reference gives birth to another paradox. If there are $n \ge $\textit{ 2} simultaneous observers, each one moving with a different speed $v_{1}, v_{2}$\textit{, \textellipsis ,} and respectively $v_{n}_{\, }$with respect to a body, then the mass of the body has simultaneously $n$ different values, $M(v_{1}), M(v_{2}$\textit{), \textellipsis , M(v}$_{n})$ respectively in the previous formula, which is impossible in practice, alike in the paradoxism movement. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00023: Biomechanical Analysis of the Tibiofemoral Joint and Lower Leg Joo Sung Yi, Soo Min Kang, Chan Young Joung The knee is a two-joint structure composed of the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint. Using the free body of diagram of forces acting on the knee during loading, biomechanical model depicting knee joint kinematics has been studied. Moment equilibrium and force equilibrium are also considered. For a stability analysis, the joint reaction force of the femur and the forces required to hold the lower leg in static equilibrium are calculated, in consideration to the weight of the lower leg and center of gravity of the lower leg from the knee joint. Based on the fact that magnitude of the joint reaction force on knee joints can reach several times the body weight, the stability analysis of the knee and lower leg bone have been carried out. The purpose of the research is to evaluate stress and fracture conditions in the tibia by using biomechanical analysis. This research includes two procedures: Study of mathematical modeling of the lower leg using kinematics, and the development of static analysis of the tibial bone. The physiological solutions of the bones and conditions causing the fracture in the bone can be found by using the presented procedure. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00024: A Study on the Biophysical Mechanism of Antioxidant Protecting the Cell Wall Seong Ho Yun, Andrew S. Yoo, Elise Kang To achieve healthy aging, people should be encouraged to acquire healthy lifestyles that include diets rich in antioxidants as they age. The aim of this review is to highlight the main themes from studies on free radicals, antioxidants and co-factors, and to propose an evidence-based strategy for healthy aging. When our immune system fights against environmental toxins, viruses, and infections; free radicals inducing oxidative stress are produced. By terminating the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged, antioxidants are involved in the prevention of cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and a variety of other diseases. The main antioxidants are Vitamin E; however, there are several enzymes within the body that scavenge free radicals. In this paper, the mechanism for the damage of the lipid portion of our cell membranes and cell proteins are presented. This paper also shows how the antioxidant vitamins donate their hydrogens or electrons to radical molecules to neutralize them. Thus, they become compounds that protect body cells from oxidative damage. The major function of radicals, such as thiol and hydroxyl, has been studied. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00025: A Study on the Biodegradation of Aquatic Life Using Computational and Physical Simulation Seong Ug Kim, David Yang, Jae Won Lim The detrimental effects of improperly disposing biodegradable substances are growing concerns for people. Biological oxygen demand represents how much oxygen the bacteria requires in order to digest organic substances in the water. Essentially, BOD measures the level of organic pollution, or amount of organic matter in the water. Such biodegradation affects the dissolved oxygen level and biochemical oxygen demand level, which are important factors to maintain an ecologically healthy aquatic system. In this paper, Streeter-Phelps equation of biodegradable material has been used to analyze bio-degradation process. The equation is based on a mass balance, which is affected by two processes: Oxygen removal from water by the degradation of organic materials, and reaeration by oxygen transfer into the water from the atmosphere. This paper has shown how to experimentally manipulate the aquatic environment in order to create a faster rate of biodegradation. Also, depending on the range of reaeration constants, the DO and BOD of the bodies have been proved to converge to equilibrium in different ways. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00026: Biomedical Image Processing of the Brain Disease (Va. D) and Psychological Analysis Using Physical and Computational Simulations Chae-eun D Lee, Wonjune Cho, Hayoung Kyung Medical technology plays an imperative role in physicians’ examination and diagnosis of patients. The development of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has revolutionized the way we examine brain diseases, such as dementia. After Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia (Va. D) is the second most common type of dementia that affects the global population. This particular brain disease develops due to a restricted blood flow to the brain, causing patients to experience difficulty in various thought processes such as decision-making, judgment, memory, planning, and organizing. In order to guarantee the best possible examination of suspected Va. D patients, high quality MRI images of the brain are required. This paper studies the MRI image of the human brain affected with various stages of Va. D. Patients with a healthy brain, mild case of Va. D, and severe case of Va. D, will exhibit distinct images. Each stage affects the patients differently—a mild case of Va. D. showing symptoms of slower thought processes, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, etc. while a more progressed, severe case of Va. D. showing symptoms of delusions, loss of memory and motor skills, personality changes, etc. Such different in images will produce different k-spaces, generated by Fourier Transformation. [Preview Abstract] |
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P1.00027: Psychological Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Neuroimaging and Histograms Sueryun Lee, Jimin David Shin, Christine Cho Alzheimer's is becoming a more common physical and psychological disease in this day and age. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual onset of dying brain cells; and is the most common type of dementia. Neuroimaging is studied for the removal of the causes of a syndrome, brain tumors, and cerebrovascular disease. An integral part of the clinical assessment of patients with suspected Alzheimer's is based on magnetic resonance through scanned images. In this paper, image-processing algorithms were developed to determine the frequency information and corresponding histograms. MRI images of a brain affected with Alzheimer's disease were used to measure the changes in data. A different k-space and corresponding histogram were observed in brains of different stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. The information obtained was used to find the patterns of the k-space of the brain images affected by the disease. Since the frequency data of the brain with Alzheimer's disease produced through the MRI process is in a large magnitude, a proper filter function was used to show that not all of the data is necessary when producing the required information. [Preview Abstract] |
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