Bulletin of the American Physical Society
59th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
Volume 62, Number 12
Monday–Friday, October 23–27, 2017; Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Session JO8: EOS and High-Z Multiply Ionized Atomic Physics |
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Chair: Alla Safronova, University of Neva, Reno Room: 203C |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
JO8.00001: Hugoniot Measurements of Matter Compressed to 100 Mbar at the National Ignition Facility Michelle Gregor, A. Lazicki, D. Erskine, R. London, F. Coppari, D. Swift, J. Eggert, D. Fratanduono, P. Celliers, H. Whitley, J. Nilsen The equations of state (EOS) of materials at pressures near 100 Mbar can now be explored using large-scale laser facilities. This pressure regime is important to understanding material behavior when the thermal excitation of bound electrons begins to occur. We report on experiments at the National Ignition Facility that shock compressed quartz, Mo, B$_{4}$C and BeO to 10-100 Mbar. Principal Hugoniot measurements of the samples were obtained using the impedance matching technique relative to a diamond standard. These new measurements can be used to constrain EOS models at previously inaccessible pressures. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
JO8.00002: Investigating Ta strength across multiple platforms, strain rates, and pressures Thomas Mattsson, Dawn G. Flicker, John F. Benage, Corbett Battaile, Justin L. Brown, J. Matthew D. Lane, Hojun Lim, Thomas A. Arsenlis, Nathan R. Barton, Hye-Sook Park, Damian C. Swift, Shon T. Prisbrey, Ryan Austin, Dennis P. McNabb, Bruce A. Remington, Michael B. Prime, George T. III Gray, Curt A. Bronkhorst, Shuh-Rong Chen, D.J. Luscher, Robert J. Scharff, Sayu J. Fensin, Mark W. Schraad, Dana M. Dattelbaum, Staci L. Brown Ta is a metal with high density and strength. We are collaborating to understand the behavior across an unprecedented range of conditions comparing strength data from Hopkinson bar, Taylor cylinder, guns, Z, Omega and the NIF using Ta from a single lot up to 380 GPa and strain rates of $10^7$. Experiments are ongoing to give more overlap between the platforms and are being simulated with models to determine the importance of specific physical processes. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
JO8.00003: Hugoniot Measurements of Silicon Shock Compressed to 21 Mbar B. Henderson, D.N. Polsin, T.R. Boehly, M.C. Gregor, S.X. Hu, G.W. Collins, J.R. Rygg, D.E. Fratanduono, P.M. Celliers, R. Kraus, J.H. Eggert We present results of laser-driven shock experiments that compressed silicon samples to 21 Mbar. Impedance matching to a quartz reference provided Hugoniot data. Since silicon is opaque, a quartz witness was placed adjacent to the silicon samples; this afforded the use of the unsteady wave correction\footnote{ D. E. Fratanduono \textit{et al.}, J. Appl. Phys. \textbf{116}, 033517 (2014).} to increase the precision of the transit-time measurements of shock velocity. Results are compared with both \textit{SESAME} tables and quantum-molecular-dynamics calculations. This material is based upon work supported by the Department Of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
JO8.00004: High Pressure Behavior of Precompressed CO$_{\mathrm{\mathbf{2~}}}$\textbf{Shocked~to~}$\sim $\textbf{10 Mbar} L. Crandall, J.R. Rygg, G.W. Collins, T.R. Boehly, A. Jenei, D.E. Fratanduono, M.C. Gregor, J.H. Eggert, M. Millot, D. Spaulding CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ is present in the atmospheres and interiors of Jovian planets, atmospheres of exoplanets, and within Jovian moons. To study the high-pressure behavior of CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$, we used laser-driven shocks to compress CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$, to $\sim $1 TPa (10 Mbar). The CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ was precompressed in diamond-anvil cells to $\sim $5 kbar, producing liquid at density ($\sim $1.5 ${\mbox{g}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\mbox{g}} {\mbox{cm}^{3}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\mbox{cm}^{3}})$, and then shocked by the OMEGA Laser System. Equation of state, temperature, and optical reflectivity were measured between 150 and 950 GPa. CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ undergoes an insulator-to-conductor transition above $\sim $200 GPa, which may be result from dissociation to metallic oxygen. These data can add to understanding of thermochemical histories of the giant planets. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
JO8.00005: Absolute equation of state measurements up to a gigbar using a converging shock Natalie Kostinski, Damian Swift, Andrea Kritcher, Amy Lazicki, James Hawreliak, Tilo Doeppner, Alison Saunders, Benjamin Bachmann, Gilbert Collins, Roger Falcone, Joseph Nilsen We are developing laser-driven loading platforms that allow the equation of state (EOS) of matter to be measured to pressures above 10 TPa on the Omega laser and 80 TPa at the National Ignition Facility respectively. These pressures are reached using a spherically-converging shock, with x-ray radiography as the primary diagnostic, enabling absolute EOS measurements to be made. At pressures above 10 TPa, the x-ray opacity drops significantly because of k-shell ionization. Superficially, this would prevent the compression from being measured, but radiographic marker layers can be used to constrain the reconstructed object and enable the opacity and compression to be determined simultaneously. Using these techniques, we have measured the Hugoniot EOS of polystyrene, diamond, and boron to over 50 TPa respectively, enabling their use as reference materials for relative measurements of materials more opaque to x-rays. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
JO8.00006: Platform for absolute measurement of the compression of deuterium along isentropes to multi-TPa pressures P. M. Celliers, A. Fernandez-Panella, S. Brygoo, D. C. Swift, S. Ali, S. W. Haan, M. Millot, J. H. Eggert, D. E. Fratanduono Equation of state models for deuterium and other light elements have traditionally been tested experimentally along Hugoniots, primarily the principal Hugoniot. The compression path of DT fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) follows isentropes to very high density, where little experimental data measuring the compression exist. We are developing an experimental platform to compress deuterium along isentropes similar to the ICF paths using the National Ignition Facility. Our approach combines spherical geometry with multi-shock reverberation to achieve near isentropic compression to multi-TPa pressures that is diagnosed with radiographic techniques. Our plan is to measure compression paths relevant to current ICF platforms. We will describe details of the approach and preliminary data. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
JO8.00007: Measurements of Sound Speed and Gr\"{u}neisen Parameter in Polystyrene Shocked to 8.5 Mbar T.R. Boehly, J.R. Rygg, M. Zaghoo, S.X. Hu, G.W. Collins, D.E. Fratanduono, P.M. Celliers, C.A. McCoy The high-pressure behavior of polymers is important to fundamental high-energy-density studies and inertial confinement fusion experiments. The sound speed affects shock timing and determines the amplitude of modulations in unstable shocks. The Gr\"{u}neisen parameter provides a means to model off-Hugoniot behavior, especially release physics. We use laser-driven shocks and a nonsteady wave analysis to infer sound speed in shocked material from the arrival times of drive-pressure perturbations at the shock front. Data are presented for CH shocked to 8.5 Mbar and compared to models. The Gr\"{u}neisen parameter is observed to drop significantly near the insulator--conductor transition---a behavior not predicted by tabular models but is observed in quantum molecular dynamic simulations. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
JO8.00008: Equation of state measurements of shocked carbon foam using x-ray Thomson scattering Patrick Belancourt, Paul Keiter, Paul Drake, Wolfgang Theobald, Suxing Hu, Sean Regan, Pawel Kozlowski Simulating experiments of foams under high-energy-density physics (HEDP) conditions have been challenging due to the uncertainty of the equation of state (EOS) of foams in this regime. This motivated a recent experiment on the OMEGA EP laser system to measure the EOS of shocked 150 mg/cc carbonized resorcinol formaldehyde (CRF) foam. One OMEGA EP beam drives a shock into the CRF foam package, while the remaining three beams are used to create a nickel-He-alpha, x-ray probe. The x-ray probe penetrates the shocked foam and the imaging x-ray Thomson spectrometer (IXTS)\footnote{E. Gamboa, \textbf{Rev. Sci. Inst.}, 2012} measures the scattered x-rays from the probe. The IXTS spectrally resolves the scattered x-ray beam while imaging in 1-D. This results in a temperature and ionization measurement at the shock front from the scattered x-ray spectrum and a density measurement from the imaging component. Preliminary results from this experiment will be shown. This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, through the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas, grant number DE-NA0002956, and through the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester by the NNSA/OICF under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NA0001944. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
JO8.00009: Using X-ray Thomson Scattering to Characterize Highly Compressed, Near-Degenerate Plasmas at the NIF Tilo Doeppner, D. Kraus, P. Neumayer, B. Bachmann, L. Divol, A.L. Kritcher, O.L. Landen, L. Fletcher, S.H. Glenzer, R.W. Falcone, M.J. MacDonald, A. Saunders, B. Witte, R. Redmer, D. Chapman, R. Baggott, D.O. Gericke, S.A. Yi We are developing x-ray Thomson scattering for implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility to characterize plasma conditions in plastic and beryllium capsules near stagnation, reaching more than 20x compression and electron densities of 10$^{25}$ cm$^{-3}$, corresponding to a Fermi energy of 170 eV. Using a zinc He-$\alpha$ x-ray source at 9 keV, experiments at a large scattering angle of 120$^{\circ}$ measure non-collective scattering spectra with high sensitivity to K-shell ionization, and find higher charge states than predicted by widely used ionization models. Reducing the scattering angle to 30$^{\circ}$ probes the collective scattering regime with sensitivity to collisions and conductivity. We will discuss recent results and future plans. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
JO8.00010: XFEL diffraction measurements of shocked Fe and Fe alloys for planetary science Andrew Krygier, M Harmand, G Morard, R Nemausat, G Fiquet, E McBride, K Appel, B Albertazzi, A Benuzzi-Mounaix, M Koenig, T Vinci, R Kodama, K Miyanishi, N Ozaki, N Hartley, Z Konopkova, E Galtier, H-J Lee, B Nagler, V Svitlyk Earth's core is composed of Fe mixed with small amounts of light elements like Si, O, and C. Determining the phase relations of Fe and derivative alloys is important for understanding the cores of Earth and terrestrial exoplanets. High pressure and temperature conditions can be achieved with high power lasers, but the states are highly transient and their characterization has been limited by the lack of appropriate platforms. The recent advance of facilities with high-power lasers coupled to XFELs enables characterization of shocked states with the powerful suite of X-ray techniques used by the static community. Here we present results from recent X-ray diffraction measurements of shocked Fe alloys at the coupled XFEL-optical laser at SACLA (EH5) and LCLS (MEC). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
JO8.00011: Temperature in subsonic and supersonic radiation fronts measured at OMEGA Heather Johns, John Kline, Nick Lanier, Ted Perry, Chris Fontes, Chris Fryer, Colin Brown, John Morton Propagation of heat fronts relevant to astrophysical plasmas is challenging in the supersonic regime. Plasma T$_{\mathrm{e}}$ changes affect opacity and equation of state without hydrodynamic change. In the subsonic phase density perturbations form at material interfaces as the plasma responds to radiation pressure of the front. Recent experiments at OMEGA studied this transition in aerogel foams driven by a hohlraum. In COAX, two orthogonal backlighters drive x-ray radiography and K-shell absorption spectroscopy to diagnose the subsonic shape of the front and supersonic T$_{\mathrm{e\thinspace }}$profiles. Past experiments used absorption spectroscopy in chlorinated foams to measure the heat front$^{\mathrm{1}}$; however, Cl dopant is not suitable for higher material temperatures at NIF. COAX has developed use of Sc and Ti dopants to diagnose T$_{\mathrm{e\thinspace }}$between 60-100eV and 100-180eV. Analysis with PrismSPECT using OPLIB$^{\mathrm{3}}$ tabular opacity data$^{\mathrm{4}}$ will evaluate the platform's ability to advance radiation transport in this regime. 1. D. Hoarty \textit{et al} PRL \textbf{82}, 3070, 1999 2. J. Hager, \textit{et al}, submitted to RSI 3. J. Colgan, \textit{et al}, Astrophys. J. \textbf{817}, 116, (2016) 4. H. Johns, \textit{et al}, RSI \textbf{87} 11E337 (2016) [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
JO8.00012: Development of a Buried Layer Platform at the OMEGA Laser to Study Open L-Shell Spectra from Coronal (non-LTE) Plasmas Edward Marley, Charlie Jarrot, Marilyn Schneider, Elijah Kemp, Mark Foord, Robert Heeter, Duane Liedahl, Klause Widmann, Christopher Mauche, Greg Brown, James Emig A buried layer platform is being developed at the OMEGA laser to study the open L-shell spectra of coronal (non-‐LTE) plasmas (ne $\sim$ few 10$^{21 }$/cm$^3$, Te $\sim$0.8 –- 1.2 keV) of mid Z materials. Studies have been done using a 250 $\mu$m diameter dot composed of a layer of 1200 Å thick Zn between two 600 Å thick layers of Ti, in the center of a 1000 $\mu$m diameter, 13 $\mu$m thick beryllium tamper. Lasers heat the target from both sides for up to 3 ns. The size of the microdot vs time was measured with x-‐ray imaging (face-‐on and side--on). The radiant x-‐ray power was measured with a low-‐resolution absolutely calibrated x-‐ray spectrometer (DANTE). The temperature was measured from the Ti helium-‐beta complex. The use of this platform for the verification of atomic models is discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
JO8.00013: Dielectronic Satellite Spectra of Na-like Mo Ions Benchmarked by LLNL EBIT with Application to HED Plasmas A. Stafford, A.S. Safronova, V.L. Kantsyrev, U.I. Safronova, E.E. Petkov, V.V. Shlyaptseva, R. Childers, I. Shrestha, P. Beiersdorfer, H. Hell, G.V. Brown Dielectronic recombination (DR) is an important process for astrophysical and laboratory high energy density (HED) plasmas and the associated satellite lines are frequently used for plasma diagnostics. In particular, K-shell DR satellite lines were studied in detail in low-Z plasmas. L-shell Na-like spectral features from Mo X-pinches considered here represent the blend of DR and inner shell satellites and motivated the detailed study of DR at the EBIT-1 electron beam ion trap at LLNL. In these experiments the beam energy was swept between 0.6 -- 2.4 keV to produce resonances at certain electron beam energies. The advantages of using an electron beam ion trap to better understand atomic processes with highly ionized ions in HED Mo plasma are highlighted. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
JO8.00014: Non-LTE modeling of the radiative properties of high-Z plasma using linear response methodology Mark Foord, Judy Harte, Howard Scott Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atomic processes play a key role in the radiation flow and energetics in highly ionized high temperature plasma encountered in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and astrophysical applications. Modeling complex high-Z atomic systems, such as gold used in ICF hohlraums, is particularly challenging given the complexity and intractable number of atomic states involved. Practical considerations, i.e. speed and memory, in large radiation-hydrodynamic simulations further limit model complexity. We present here a methodology for utilizing tabulated NLTE radiative and EOS properties for use in our radiation-hydrodynamic codes. This approach uses tabulated data, previously calculated with complex atomic models, modified to include a general non-Planckian radiation field using a linear response methodology. This approach extends near-LTE response method [1] to conditions far from LTE. Comparisons of this tabular method with in-line NLTE simulations of a laser heated 1-D hohlraum will be presented, which show good agreement in the time-evolution of the plasma conditions. [1] R.M. More, T. Kato, S.B. Libby and G. Faussurier, J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer, 505 (2001). [Preview Abstract] |
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