Bulletin of the American Physical Society
51st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
Volume 54, Number 15
Monday–Friday, November 2–6, 2009; Atlanta, Georgia
Session CO5: Equation of State, Strength, and Hydrodynamics |
Hide Abstracts |
Chair: Tom Boehly, University of Rochester Room: Hanover CDE |
Monday, November 2, 2009 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
CO5.00001: Laser-Shock Compression and Hugoniot Measurements of Liquid Hydrogen Takayoshi Sano, Norimasa Ozaki, Tatsuhiro Sakaiya, Keisuke Shigemori, Masahiro Ikoma, Tomoaki Kimura, Kohei Miyanishi, Takashi Endo, Akiyuki Shiroshita, Hideki Takahashi, Tatsuya Jitsui, Yasunori Hori, Yoichiro Hironaka, Akifumi Iwamoto, Toshihiko Kadono, Mitsuo Nakai, Takuo Okuchi, Kazuto Otani, Katsuya Shimizu, Tadashi Kondo, Ryosuke Kodama, Kunioki Mima Hugoniot data for liquid hydrogen were obtained up to 55 GPa under laser-driven shock loading using impedance matching to a quartz standard. The pressure range we achieved is about 5 times higher than the earlier experiments done by a two-stage gas gun. The experiment was performed on the Gekko/HIPER laser facility at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. A significant improvement in the precision of velocity measurements because transparent standard allows direct measurement of the shock velocities for both the standard and hydrogen. The shocked temperature of hydrogen is determined concurrently from the brightness temperature. The temperature is $\sim$ 9000 K at 40 GPa, which is about twice as high as that of shocked deuterium at the same pressure. Compression and temperature along the primary Hugoniot are consistent with theoretical models of equation-of-state. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
CO5.00002: Inferring Electron Temperature of Shocked Liquid Deuterium Using Inelastic X-Ray Scattering S.P. Regan, P.B. Radha, T.R. Boehly, V.N. Goncharov, R.L. McCrory, D.D. Meyerhofer, T.C. Sangster, V.A. Smalyuk, K. Falk, G. Gregori, T. Doeppner, S.H. Glenzer, O.L. Landen A laser-ablation--driven shock wave (12 Mbar) was launched in a planar liquid-deuterium target on OMEGA, and the shocked conditions were diagnosed using inelastic x-ray scattering. The electron temperature ($T_{e})$ is inferred from the Doppler-broadened, Compton-downshifted peak of the noncollective x-ray scattering for $T_{e} \quad > \quad T_{Fermi}$. For this purpose, a saran backlighter foil was irradiated with a group of tightly focused beams having an overlapped intensity of $\sim $10$^{16}$ W/cm$^{2}$. The spectrally resolved x-ray scattering of the Cl Ly$_{\alpha }$ emission (\textit{h$\nu $} = 2.96 keV) was recorded at 90\r{ }. The inferred $T_{e}$ = 20$\pm $5 eV is close to the predicted $T_{e}$ = 22 eV. The experimental design and initial results will be reported. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-08NA28302. The work of G. Gregori and K. Falk was supported in part by EPSRC grant No. EP/G007187/1 and by the HiPER collaboration. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
CO5.00003: Measurements of electron density and temperature in shock-compressed Be from x-ray Thomson scattering H.J. Lee, S.H. Glenzer, T. Doeppner, O.L. Landen, R.W. Lee, R.W. Falcone X-ray Thomson scattering measurements have provided an insight into characterization of dense plasmas by determining electron temperature, density, and ionization state [1,2]. We have measured spectrally resolved 6 keV x-ray scattering spectra of shock-compressed matter created by counter-propagating shocks at the Omega laser facility. The spectra in non-collective scattering regime show Compton features that give evidence of Fermi-degenerate dense plasmas with a Fermi energy above 30 eV and temperatures of 10-15 eV. Detailed analysis in comparison with radiation-hydrodynamic modeling will be presented. [1] S. H. Glenzer \textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 175002 (2003); Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 065002 (2007). [2] H. J. Lee \textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 115001 (2009). This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by the National Laboratory User Facility program. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
CO5.00004: Measurements of Strain-Induced Refractive Index Changes in Shocked and Ramp-Compressed Lithium Fluoride D.E. Fratanduono, M.A. Barrios, T.R. Boehly, D.D. Meyerhofer, R. Smith, D.G. Hicks, P.M. Celliers, J.H. Eggert, G.W. Collins Lithium fluoride is frequently used as a window in equation-of-state experiments because it remains transparent for multishocks up to 5 Mbar. When compressed, its refractive index changes, affecting the sensitivity of velocity interferometry measurements. For shocked LiF, the refractive index has been measured for pressures up to 1.15 Mbar using gas gun flyer-plate experiments. It has become commonplace to extrapolate the linear dependence for higher-pressure experiments, i.e., those above 1.15 Mb. We report on experiments at the Omega/Omega EP Laser Facilities that use laser-driven shocks and ramp compression to compress diamond targets with LiF windows up to 5 Mbar. Diamond-free surface velocity and diamond/LiF interface velocities are measured. By comparing these velocities, the refractive index of compressed LiF is deduced. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-08NA28302. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
CO5.00005: Theoretical Investigation of Strong Coupling and Degeneracy Effects in ICF Implosions S.X. Hu, V.N. Goncharov, T.R. Boehly, P.B. Radha, S. Skupsky, B. Militze Accurate knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) and opacity is essential to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Low-adiabat ICF implosion designs reach strongly coupled, degenerate plasma conditions. Using the first-principles, path-integral Monte Carlo method, we have established an EOS table of deuterium, spanning typical ICF shell conditions (densities of 0.001 to 100 g/cc and temperatures of 1 eV to 1 keV). Noticeable differences in energy/pressure at moderately coupled, degenerate regimes have been found in comparison to the \textit{SESAME} and Thomas-Fermi EOS. Hydrodynamic simulations using these EOS's and opacities for OMEGA implosions will be presented. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-08NA28302. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
CO5.00006: Mixed equation of state: dynamical materials experiments on Z and multi-scale simulations T.R. Mattsson, S. Root, T.A. Haill, N.L. Bruner, R.W. Lemke Significant progress in understanding properties of pure materials under extreme conditions has been made recently, with experiments and first-principles theoretical work providing detailed insights for many pure materials. Mixing poses additional fundamental questions regarding the fidelity of first-principles calculations, the reliability of mixing rules for equations of state, as well as the accuracy of experimental approaches. We will present experimental and theoretical results for mixed equation of state. By shock impact of magnetically launched flyer plates on doped poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) foams, we create multi-Mbar pressures in a dense plasma mixture of hydrogen, carbon, and dopant at temperatures of several eV. We analyze the system by multi-scale simulations, from density functional theory to continuum magneto-hydrodynamics simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
CO5.00007: Transport properties of Hydrogen and CH under ICF conditions Jean Clerouin, Vanina Recoules, Charles Starrett, Stephane Mazevet, Flavien Lambert, Benoit Canaud, Alain Decoster We present ab initio evaluations of the thermal and of the electrical conductivity of hydrogen at a density of 80 g/cc [1] and 160 g/cc corresponding to the Inertial Confinement Fusion regime. Results are compared with different theories (Hubbard, Lee-More, Ichimaru) and with an average atom (AA) model coupled with a Kubo-Greenwood evaluation of transport coefficients. The Lorentz number, which is the ratio between the thermal to the electrical conductivity, given by the Wiedemann-Frantz law is checked in different regimes ranging from the highly degenerate to the kinetic one. We have also used ab initio calculations to compute the CH thermal conductivity and compared it to the AA approach using mixing rules.\\[4pt] [1] V. Recoules, F. Lambert, A. Decoster, B. Canaud and J. Clerouin, ``Ab initio determination of thermal conductivity of dense hydrogen plasmas,'' Phys. Rev. Letters 102, 075002 (2009). [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
CO5.00008: Shock-Clump Interaction Studies in the Laboratory B.E. Blue, J.D. Hund, R.R. Paguio, J.F. Hansen, J.M. Foster, P.A. Rosen, R.J.R. Williams, M. Douglas, B.H. Wilde, R. Carver, J. Palmer, P. Hartigan Large-scale directional outflows of supersonic plasma are driven by a wide variety of objects in the universe. Typical models of the outflows assume simplistic geometries; however, images of most outflows show a much more complex structure that consists of multiple clumps and shocks. To bridge the gap between the complex system in space and the simplified models, controlled scaled experiments were performed to elucidate the physics of a shock progressing through a clumpy medium. This talk will present experiments on the Omega Laser in which a shock impacts density discontinuities in order to understand the perturbed shock structure. Two types of discontinuities that had the same average density were tested: one with a uniformly distributed dopant and another with $\sim$47 randomly distributed high-density clumps. We have obtained high-resolution radiographs that detail the temporal evolution of the shock and density discontinuity. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
CO5.00009: Ramp loading by shock release of foam reservoirs for the NIF Shon T. Prisbrey, Bruce Remington, Hye-Sook Park, Robert Cavaloo, Stephen Pollaine, Mark May Previous work has shown that a ramped pressure wave created by the stagnation of an unloading, shocked reservoir can drive a quasi-isentropic compression experiment (ICE) [Edwards et al., \textbf{92} PRL 2004; Lorenz et al., \textbf{2} HEDP 2006]. The size of the shock at the back of the reservoir, the reservoir materials, the size of the gap between the reservoir and the sample, and the sample's sound speed places limits on (1) the thickness of the sample that can be studied before the ramp wave steepens into a shock that would impart significant shock heating into the sample, and (2) the size of the planar drive region. We present simulation and experimental data from a series of CRF foam laser shots done on the Omega Laser Facility to show that the presence of lower density materials in an ICE reservoir reduces the needed gap size between the reservoir and the sample, tailors the ramp drive, and can be simulated using the radiation-hydrodynamics code LASNEX. The combination of these factors have allowed for a compact design suitable for a laser-driven hohlraum that can reach 5 Mbar pressures and beyond on the National Ignition Facility. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
CO5.00010: Rayleigh-Taylor stabilization by material strength at Mbar pressures Bruce Remington, Hye-Sook Park, Thomas Lorenz, Robert Cavallo, Stephen Pollaine, Shon Prisbrey, Robert Rudd, Richard Becker, Joel Bernier We present experiments on the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in the plastic flow regime of solid-state vanadium (V) foils at ~1 Mbar pressures and strain rates of 1.e6-1.e8 1/s, using a laser based, ramped-pressure acceleration technique. High pressure material strength causes strong stabilization of the RT instability at short wavelengths. Comparisons with 2D simulations utilizing models of high pressure strength show that the V strength increases by factors of 3-4 at peak pressure, compared to its ambient strength. An effective lattice viscosity of ~400 poise would have a similar effect. [1] Constitutive models, and theoretical implications of these experiments will be discussed. [1] H.S. Park, B.A. Remington et al., submitted for publication (July, 2009). [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
CO5.00011: Designs for Solid-State Rayleigh-Taylor Experiments in Tantalum at Omega Stephen Pollaine, Bruce Remington, Hye-Sook Park, Shon Prisbrey, Robert Cavallo We have designed an experiment for the Omega - EP laser facility to measure the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) growth rate of solid-state Ta samples at $\sim $1 Mbar pressures and very high strain rates, 10$^{7}$-10$^{8}$ s$^{-1}$. A thin walled, hohlraum based, ramp-wave, quasi-isentropic drive has been developed for this experiment. Thick samples ($\sim$50 $\mu$m) of Ta, with a preimposed sinusoidal rippled on the driven side, will be accelerated. The ripple growth due to the RT instability is greatly reduced due to the dynamic material strength. We will show detailed designs, and a thorough error analysis used to optimize the experiment, minimize uncertainty, and predict strength model sensitivity. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
CO5.00012: Rayleigh--Taylor Measurements in Planar CH and SiO$_{2}$ Foils on OMEGA J.D. Hager, V.A. Smalyuk, S.X. Hu, D.D. Meyerhofer, T.C. Sangster Understanding how areal-density modulations grow at unstable ablative Rayleigh--Taylor (RT) interfaces is crucial to achieving inertial confinement fusion ignition. Recent planar RT experiments demonstrated increased stabilization in CH targets driven at high intensities (1 $\times $ 10$^{15}$ W/cm$^{2})$ compared to simulations. Planar experiments were preformed on the OMEGA laser using CH, SiO$_{2}$, and CH-SiO$_{2}$ targets with 2-D modulations (imprinted by drive beams or pre-imposed) using shaped drive pulses at high (1 $\times $ 10$^{15}$ W/cm$^{2})$ and low (5 $\times $ 10$^{14}$ W/cm$^{2})$ intensities. The temporal growth of these modulations was measured with face-on x-ray radiography using Pd and Dy x-ray backlighters. Experimental results will be compared with simulations. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC52-08NA28302. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
CO5.00013: Potential of FAIR at Darmstadt and LHC at CERN for High Energy Density Physics Research: the HEDgeHOB Collaboration Naeem A. Tahir, Alexander Shutov, Igor Lomonosov, A.R. Piriz, Ruediger Schmidt, Dieter H.H. Hoffmann, Claude Deutsch Substantial progress in the development of technology of high quality, well focused, strongly bunched intense partile beams have led to development of a novel, very efficient technique of studying High Energy Density Matter (HEDM) in the laboratory. This method involves generation of large samples of HEDM by isochoric and uniform heating of solid targets by these ion beams. Two huge accelerator projects are on the way in Europe. One is the Facility for Antiiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR), at Darmstadt and the other is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Extensive theoretical work has been carried out over the past years to assess the potential of these accelerators to generate HEDM and several experimental schemes have been proposed [1-4]. A brief overview of this work is presented in this talk. [1] N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 95 (2005) 035001. [2] N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 94 (2005) 135004. [3] N.A. Tahir et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 577 (2007) 238. [4] N.A. tahir et al., PRE 79 (2009) in print. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
CO5.00014: Analytical theory for the interaction of a planar shock wave with an isotropic 2D/3D isotropic density field C. Huete Ruiz de Lira, J.G. Wouchuk, A.L. Velikovich The response of a shock front to different kinds of perturbations in the fluid upstream is of paramount importance to several fields, in particular to ICF. We present here an analytical linear model that describes the interaction of a shock front with a random pre-shock density perturbation field. Exact expressions for the velocity, density, vorticity and pressure of the compressed fluid particles are obtained. For isotropic pre-shock conditions, the mode averaging can be easily implemented in 2D/3D. Fully closed analytical expressions for the kinetic energy, vorticity generation, density non-uniformity amplification and for the intensity of sound emitted downstream are shown in the whole range of gas compressibilities and shock intensities. A comparison to an existing model [J. G. Wouchuk \textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. E. \textbf{79}, 066315 (2009)] that describes the shock interaction with a turbulent vorticity field is also given. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 2, 2009 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
CO5.00015: Modification of the Hugoniot adiabat due to turbulence generated in shocked deuterium-filled CH foams A.L. Velikovich, J.G. Wouchuk, C. Huete Ruiz de Lira Direct-drive laser targets are often designed with DT-filled CH foam ablator. Accurate modeling of these targets requires understanding of shock propagation in such non-uniform media. The interaction of the shock front with the preshock random density non-uniformities generates a random motion (turbulence) in the postshock flow. The energy coupled into the postshock turbulent motion, in turn, modifies the shock adiabat. As first detected in simulations by G. Hazak \textit{et al}., Phys. Plasmas \textbf{5}, 4357 (1998), shock compression and shock velocity in a deuterium-filled foam would be, respectively, less and greater than those predicted for the uniform medium of the same average density. We report an exact analytical theory of this ``shock undercompression'' effect and present explicit formulas for the shock adiabat modification. We discuss the contributions of post-shock Reynolds stresses, acoustic energy flux emitted downstream and correlations between vortical and entropy perturbations and highlight the difference between the cases of 2D and 3D turbulence. [Preview Abstract] |
Follow Us |
Engage
Become an APS Member |
My APS
Renew Membership |
Information for |
About APSThe American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. |
© 2024 American Physical Society
| All rights reserved | Terms of Use
| Contact Us
Headquarters
1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3844
(301) 209-3200
Editorial Office
100 Motor Pkwy, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788
(631) 591-4000
Office of Public Affairs
529 14th St NW, Suite 1050, Washington, D.C. 20045-2001
(202) 662-8700