Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2015 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics
Volume 60, Number 13
Wednesday–Saturday, October 28–31, 2015; Santa Fe, New Mexico
Session DH: Mini-Symposium on Applications of Nuclear Physics I |
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Chair: Lee Schroeder, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and TechSource-Inc Room: General Kearny |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 10:30AM - 11:06AM |
DH.00001: Fukushima Daiichi Muon Imaging Invited Speaker: Haruo Miyadera Japanese government announced cold-shutdown condition of the reactors at Fukushima Daiichi by the end of 2011, and mid- and long-term roadmap towards decommissioning has been drawn. However, little is known for the conditions of the cores because access to the reactors has been limited by the high radiation environment. The debris removal from the Unit 1 - 3 is planned to start as early as 2020, but the dismantlement is not easy without any realistic information of the damage to the cores, and the locations and amounts of the fuel debris. Soon after the disaster of Fukushima Daiichi, several teams in the US and Japan proposed to apply muon transmission or scattering imagings to provide information of the Fukushima Daiichi reactors without accessing inside the reactor building. GEANT4 modeling studies of Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1 and 2 showed clear superiority of the muon scattering method over conventional transmission method. The scattering method was demonstrated with a research reactor, Toshiba Nuclear Critical Assembly (NCA), where a fuel assembly was imaged with 3-cm resolution. The muon scattering imaging of Fukushima Daiichi was approved as a national project and is aiming at installing muon trackers to Unit 2. A proposed plan includes installation of muon trackers on the 2nd floor (operation floor) of turbine building, and in front of the reactor building. Two 7mx7m detectors were assembled at Toshiba and tested. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
DH.00002: Imaging special nuclear material with muon-induced neutron emission. J. Matthew Durham Cosmic ray muons are a ubiquitous source of energetic charged particles that can be used to image high-Z material through significant amounts of shielding. Negative muons which come to rest inside fissile material can be captured into atomic orbitals and induce fission, which may lead to detectable neutron emission. Muon tracks that are correlated with neutron emission can therefore serve as a signal for the presence of fissile material, and laminography with the tagged muon tracks can be performed to produce an image of the neutron emission source. In this presentation, we will discuss results of imaging tests using this technique at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and possible applications in treaty verification. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
DH.00003: Neutron Imaging Developments at LANSCE Ron Nelson, James Hunter, Richard Schirato, Sven Vogel, Alicia Swift, Tim Ickes, Bill Ward, Adrian Losko, Anton Tremsin Neutron imaging is complementary to x-ray imaging because of its sensitivity to light elements and greater penetration of high-Z materials. Energy-resolved neutron imaging can provide contrast enhancements for elements and isotopes due to the variations with energy in scattering cross sections due to nuclear resonances. These cross section differences exist due to compound nuclear resonances that are characteristic of each element and isotope, as well as broader resonances at higher energies. In addition, multi-probe imaging, such as combined photon and neutron imaging, is a powerful tool for discerning properties and features in materials that cannot be observed with a single probe. Recently, we have demonstrated neutron imaging, both radiography and computed tomography, using the moderated (Lujan Center) and high-energy (WNR facility) neutron sources at LANSCE. Flat panel x-ray detectors with suitable scintillator-converter screens provide good sensitivity for both low and high neutron energies. Micro-Channel-Plate detectors and iCCD scintillator camera systems that provide the fast time gating needed for energy-resolved imaging have been demonstrated as well. Examples of recent work will be shown including fluid flow in plants and imaging through dense thick objects. [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
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DH.00004: Polarized fusion, its implications, and plans for a proof-of-principle experiment at the DIII-D tokamak A.M. Sandorfi, A. Deur, M.M. Lowry, X. Wei, D. Pace, N. Eidietis, A. Hyatt, G.L. Jackson, M. Lanctot, S. Smith, H. St-John, G.W. Miller, X. Zheng, L.R. Baylor The cross section for the primary fusion reaction in a tokamak, D+t $\rightarrow \alpha$ +n, would increase by a factor of 1.5 if the fuels were spin polarized parallel to the local field, rather than randomly oriented. Simulations show further gains in reaction rate would accompany this increase in large-scale machines such as ITER, due to increased alpha heating. The potential realization of such benefits rests on the crucial question of the survival of spin polarization for periods comparable to the energy containment time. Despite encouraging calculations, technical challenges in preparing and handling polarized materials have prevented any direct tests. Advances in three areas - polarized material technologies developed for nuclear and particle physics as well as medical imaging, polymer pellets developed for Inertial Confinement, and cryogenic injection guns developed for fueling tokamaks - have matured to the point where a direct in situ measurement is possible using the mirror reaction, D+$^{3}$He $\rightarrow \alpha$ +p. Designs and simulations of a proof-of-principle experiment at the DIII-D tokamak in San Diego will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
DH.00005: High-precision gamma-ray spectroscopy for enhancing production and application of medical isotopes E.A. McCutchan, A.A. Sonzogni, S.V. Smith, L. Muench, M. Nino, J.P. Greene, M.P. Carpenter, S. Zhu, T. Chillery, P. Chowdhury, R. Harding, C.J. Lister Nuclear medicine is a field which requires precise decay data for use in planning radionuclide production and in imaging and therapeutic applications. To address deficiencies in decay data, sources of medical isotopes were produced and purified at the Brookhaven Linear Isotope Producer (BLIP) then shipped to Argonne National Laboratory where high-precision, gamma-ray measurements were performed using Gammasphere. New decay schemes for a number of PET isotopes and the impact on dose calculations will be presented. To investigate the production of next-generation theranostic or radiotherapeutic isotopes, cross section measurements with high energy protons have also been explored at BLIP. The 100-200 MeV proton energy regime is relatively unexplored for isotope production, thus offering high discovery potential but at the same time a challenging analysis due to the large number of open channels at these energies. Results of cross sections deduced from Compton-suppressed, coincidence gamma-ray spectroscopy performed at Lowell will be presented, focusing on the production of platinum isotopes by irradiating natural platinum foils with 100 to 200 MeV protons. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
DH.00006: Feasibility of Production of Moly-99 via 1-neutron Exchange Reaction 98Mo$+$100Mo$\to $299Mo in Strong-Focusing Auto Collider (``EXYDER'') of natural Molybdenum nuclei based on T and He-3 production data from d$+$d weak focusing Auto-Collider MIGMA IV Tim Hester, Bogdan Maglich Copious T and $^{3}$He production from D(d, p) T and D(d, n) $^{3}$He reactions in 725 KeV colliding beams was observed in weak-focusing Self-Collider$^{1-4}$ radius 15 cm, in B $=$ 3.12 T, stabilized$^{5}$ non-linearly by electron cloud oscillations with confinement time $\sim$ 23 s. BARC's simulations$^{7}$ predict that by switching to Strong Focusing Self Collider proposed by Blewett$^{6}$, 10 deuterons 0.75 MeV each, will generate 1 $^{3}$He $+$ 1T $+$1p $+$ 1n at a total input energy cost of 10.72 MeV. Economic value of T and $^{3}$He is 65 and 120 MeV/atom respectively. While energy balance is negative, we project economic gain 205 MeV/10.72 MeV $\sim$ 20 i.e. $^{3}$He production/sale will fund cost of T. Assuming the luminosity achieved in MIGMA IV, we replace D beam injection with a high energy beam of 14 times ionized natural Mo ions and look for the 1-neutron reactions of the type $^{98}$Mo$+^{100}$Mo$\to $2$^{99}$Mo, where $^{99}$Mo$^{14+}$ will be EM channeled into a mass spectrometer and collected at one loci/ radius, while all other masses/radii rejected. Physics and engineering parameters required to produce at least 1 g of $^{99}$Mo per day, at an electricity cost of {\$}100K, will be presented. 2- and 3- neutron exchange reactions will be considered, too. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, October 29, 2015 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
DH.00007: Systematic Study of Technetium Production by Proton-Induced Reactions on Molybdenum Edward Lamere, Gwenaelle Gilardy, Zach Meisel, Michael Moran, Michael Skulski, Manoel Couder Recent shortages in the world-wide supply of $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc have sparked interest in developing alternative production methods which do not rely on fission based $^{99}$Mo. The direct production of $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc from proton induced reactions on enriched $^{100}$Mo targets is one such approach. With this approach, $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc must be chemically extracted from the irradiated target and therefore radiopharmaceuticals will contain a mixture of all Tc-species produced from the proton bombardment. Commercial viability of cyclotron-produced $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc will depend on a number of factors including, production yield, radiochemical purity, and specific activity. Reactions on trace impurities in the targets has been shown to impact these factors dramatically. Precise cross-section measurements for not just the main reaction, $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc(p,2n), but for all Mo + p reactions that lead to Tc or Mo species are required for proper assessment of this $^{\mathrm{99m}}$Tc production technique. We will introduce a systematic study of proton-induced reactions on 92, 94-98, 100 Mo currently being performed at the University of Notre Dame. First results of $^{96}$Mo + p reactions will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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