Experimental Observations of the Boundary Layer in Desert Dunes with Unmanned Aircraft*

To observe and relate the effects of terrain on lower atmospheric phenomena, empirical data is obtained through atmospheric measurements and photogrammetric terrain modeling. The results of which are analyzed to determine correlations between topography and boundary layer characteristics. Lower atmospheric boundary layer conditions are modeled by wind speed, temperature, pressure, and humidity sensors flown onboard small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These sensors include commercially available sonic anemometers and hotwires, as well as 3D printed multi hole probes that are designed, printed, and calibrated for this application. High resolution modeling of varying terrain and types of Aeolian dune structures are created using cameras onboard small UAVs. The observed dune structures have been developed under different conditions and are hallmarks of rapid geomorphology. Understanding the relationship that the atmosphere has with these structures can provide insight on less rapidly formed Aeolian landforms as well.