Magnetic moment reconstruction of cold atoms using direct imaging and prospects for measuring magnetic sublevel distributions*

We describe a simple time-of-flight technique for measuring the magnetic moment of an optically pumped magneto-optical trap.* The technique relies on free-expansion imaging of a cold atom cloud in a small magnetic field gradient without the need to detect spatial separation of magnetic sublevels. We find that the effective acceleration of the cloud can be used to characterize extreme state optical pumping. In the general case, we show that the integrated displacement of the falling cloud can be accurately modeled using rate equation simulations of magnetic sublevel populations, and knowledge of local magnetic fields, field gradients, and light intensities. The agreement between the model and the data allows the reconstruction of magnetic moments and suggests that this technique may be suitable for the measurement of population distributions over a range of optical pumping conditions.

*Carlse et al. JOSA B 37, 1419-1427 (2020)