Bulletin of the American Physical Society
51st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 65, Number 4
Monday–Friday, June 1–5, 2020; Portland, Oregon
Session M02: Quantum Metrology and Sensing IILive
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Chair: Olivier Pfister, University of Virginia Room: D133-134 |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 8:00AM - 8:12AM Live |
M02.00001: Advances in Using Rydberg Atoms to Characterize Radio-Frequency Fields and Modulated Signals Amy Robinson, Matthew Simons, Joshua Gordon, Christopher Holloway The use of Rydberg atoms for measuring the amplitude of radio frequency (RF) electrical (E) fields has made significant progress in the past few years. Last year, techniques were developed to detect the phase of RF fields as well as receiving modulated signals. As a result of these recent developments it is now possible to fully characterize RF fields and modulated signals with Rydberg atom-based sensors, in that the amplitude, phase, and polarization can be determined in one compact quantum-based sensor. These sensors range from isolated atomic-vapor cells, fiber-coupled vapor cells, to vapor-cells integrated into conventional antenna structures. With amplitude, phase, and polarization detection capabilities, we can now start looking at a wide array of applications for the Rydberg atom-based RF sensor. In this talk, we will discuss the sensing technique and present several implementations of these Rydberg-atom sensors. These demonstrations range from detecting RF field amplitude, polarization selectivity of E-fields, RF power calibrations, detecting weak E-fields, detecting the phase of continuous wave (CW) fields, detecting phase-modulated signals, characterizing waveforms, and detecting the angle of arrival of a remote source. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 8:12AM - 8:24AM Live |
M02.00002: Demonstration of an RF Electrometer Based on EIT Spectroscopy of Non-Resonantly Dressed Rydberg Atoms in a Vapor Cell Lingyun Chai, Robert Jones We present a technique for measuring the amplitude of rf fields of arbitrary frequency. The method uses Rydberg atoms in a Rubidium atomic vapor cell as a detection medium, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy as an optical readout. Unlike other schemes that rely on resonant coupling between Rydberg states [1], our technique is based on non-resonant Rydberg dressing in combined AC and DC fields. The electrometer is self-calibrating from the Rydberg polarizability. Mixing of the AC and DC fields through the second-order Stark shift produces sidebands in the EIT signal, flanking the primary resonance feature associated with the optical 5p -- 32s transition. The spectral location of the sidebands reveals the AC field frequency. The ratio of the sideband intensity to that of the central EIT feature gives the AC field amplitude in terms of directly measured quantities. In preliminary work, field amplitudes less than 200 mV/cm have been measured at frequencies from 20 to 100 MHz. With improved laser stability and the use of different Rydberg states, it should be straightforward to significantly improve the amplitude sensitivity and extend the frequency response well into the GHz regime. [1] J. A. Sedlacek et al., Nat. Phys. 8, 819 (2012). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 8:24AM - 8:36AM Live |
M02.00003: All-optical atomic RF phase detection and measurement Georg Raithel, Rachel E. Sapiro, Luis F. Goncalves, Ryan Cardman, David A. Anderson Advances in Rydberg atom-based RF field sensing, receiving, measurement, and imaging has mostly been rooted in measuring the electric field amplitude, $E$, of the RF wave. With established phase-sensitive technologies, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as well as emerging trends in phased-array antennas in 5G, a method is desired that allows robust, optical retrieval of the RF phase using a phase-enabled atom-based field sensor. We present the development of an RF detection and measurement method for the phase of the RF electromagnetic radiation field employing a phase reference. In contrast to other work, we implement the method in an all-optical atomic vapor-cell detector that does not require an antenna or external RF reference wave applied to the atoms [1]. We describe the phase-sensitive RF field detection concept and first demonstrations, including measurements of amplitude and phase of a 5 GHz RF test field. Applications of this sensor technology will be discussed, including phase-modulated signal communication systems, radar, and field amplitude and phase imaging for near-field/far-field antenna characterizations. [1] Anderson, D.~A. et al., “Atom-Based Electromagnetic Field Sensing Element and Measurement System,” Patent WO 2019/126038 A1 (2019). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
M02.00004: Microwave-to-optical transduction of an audio signal in a thermal vapor Andrei Tretiakov, Clinton Potts, Timothy Lee, Matthew Thiessen, John Davis, Lindsay LeBlanc A number of recent experiments have shown that room-temperature atomic vapors can be used to receive and transmit information from a radio signal via an optical fiber. All these schemes rely on using electromagnetically-induced transparency and Autle-Townes splitting in Rydberg atoms to encode information retrieved from a GHz-carrier microwave field in laser light. We developed a different approach for radio-over-fiber communication with atomic vapors, which is based on microwave-to-optical double resonance. In our setup, we use a rubidium vapor cell enclosed in a high-Q microwave cavity, all at room temperature. We demonstrate the transduction of an audio-signal from amplitude and frequency modulation of the microwave field to intensity modulation of a laser light, which is based on magnetic-dipole interactions between the vapor and microwave field. Our setup avoids the need for stabilized laser systems associated with Rydberg atoms and/or electromagnetically induced transparency, all by exploiting the enhanced coupling made possibly by the cavity [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
M02.00005: NMR spectroscopy using quantum defects in diamond Nithya Arunkumar, Connor Hart, Dominik Bucher, Kevin Olsson, Johannes Cremer, David Glenn, Oren Ben Dor, Ronald Walsworth NMR sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers can optically detect magnetic signals from sample volumes several orders of magnitude smaller than the most sensitive inductive detectors. Hence an NV-NMR spectrometer is a promising tool for next-generation analytic technologies, such as single-cell analysis and metabolomics. However, the performance of an ensemble NV-NMR spectrometer is limited by the magnetic field sensitivity of the device. We present a readout technique to perform high-resolution micron-scale NV-NMR spectroscopy with enhanced sensitivity. We also investigate the effect of the bias magnetic field and laser power on this measurement technique. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 9:00AM - 9:12AM Live |
M02.00006: High-resolution Magnetic Field Imaging of Integrated Circuit Activity with a Quantum Diamond Microscope Matthew Turner, Nicholas Langellier, Thomas Babinec, Pauli Kehayias, Marko Loncar, Ron Walsworth, Edlyn Levine We demonstrate imaging of DC magnetic field emanations from an integrated circuit (IC) in different active functional states using a Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM). The QDM provides full-vector images with simultaneous wide-field-of-view and micron-scale resolution of IC magnetic fields that arise from DC currents in the IC correlated with local circuit activity, and pass largely unperturbed through standard IC materials, enabling a non-invasive detection modality. This simultaneous wide-field (\textasciitilde 4 mm), high spatial resolution (\textasciitilde 10 um), IC magnetic activity imaging capability is not achievable with other techniques. We study activity in both an intact and decapsulated field programmable gate array (FPGA) and find that QDM images can quantifiably determine the IC active state with high fidelity through direct observation of the data and machine-learning methods. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 9:12AM - 9:24AM Live |
M02.00007: Double Quantum Ramsey-based Magnetic Microscopy using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Connor A Hart, Jennifer M Schloss, Matthew J Turner, Patrick Scheideggar, Erik Bauch, Ronald L. Walsworth Wide-field magnetic microscopy using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has been previously demonstrated in condensed matter, biological, and paleomagnetic applications using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW-ODMR) measurements to image static magnetic fields under ambient conditions. However, the sensitivity of CW-ODMR measurements is commonly degraded by lattice strain gradient-induced broadening and limited by competing effects of the applied optical and microwave (MW) fields. Here we demonstrate Ramsey-based magnetic imaging using the axial strain-immune, double quantum (DQ) coherence to enable improved, more homogeneous magnetic imaging with a median volume-normalized magnetic sensitivity of 38 nTum3/2Hz-1/2 across a 125 um x 125 um field of view. A novel microwave-phase alternation protocol isolates the desired DQ magnetic signal from residual single quantum signal induced by MW pulse errors. We demonstrate a 500x suppression in sensitivity to strain- and temperature-induced NV resonance shifts. Together, the improved robustness and magnetic sensitivity provide a path toward imaging dynamic, broadband magnetic sources such as electrically-active cells. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 9:24AM - 9:36AM Not Participating |
M02.00008: High-NV-Density Diamonds for Quantum Sensing Kevin Olsson, Connor Hart, Jner Tzern Oon, Nithya Arunkumar, Matthew Turner, Ronald Walsworth Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a prominent platform for developing quantum sensing devices. However, the lack of scalable and reproducible methods for producing high quality NV diamond material has hindered the advancement towards the large scale expansion of NV based sensing devices. We examine diamonds fabricated via a chemical vapor deposition process that have reproducible, favorable properties, including dense NV concentrations ($\approx $ 3ppm) and minimal parasitic defects. We measure the volume normalized sensitivity to DC and AC magnetic fields in these samples where both nitrogen-NV and NV-NV interactions limit spin dephasing and decoherence times. Finally, we explore advanced readout techniques to further improve the ultimate sensitivity of this diamond material. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 9:36AM - 9:48AM Not Participating |
M02.00009: Towards Ramsey Magnetic Field Detection and High Resolution Imaging of Cardiac Cells with Nitrogen-Vacancy Diamond Matthew Turner, Connor Hart, Jennifer Schloss, Ron Walsworth NV Diamond based wide-field magnetic imaging enables the possibility of detecting and imaging biomagnetic fields with high spatial and temporal resolution. Following up from previous work detecting the magnetic field from a single giant axon [1], improvements in sensitivity, methodology, and device engineering have been needed to move towards detection and imaging electrically active mammalian cells, such as cardiac cells and neurons due to the fast time scales (\textasciitilde kHz), small length scales (um) and small magnetic field magnitudes (\textasciitilde nT) associated with their activity. To achieve these goals, we have worked on optimizing diamond material properties [2], carried out a thorough review [3] and demonstration [4] of DC sensitivity improvement techniques, and improved our methodology and engineering to allow for a more biocompatible and stable experimental apparatus. Realistic improvements in sensitivity will enable real time detection of spontaneous cardiac events and repeated stimulation and averaging of events can give a window into the impedance properties and conduction pathways of cardiac tissue at high spatial resolution. [1] Barry et al. 2016 [2] Kehayias et al. 2019 [3] Barry et al. 2019 [4] Bauch et al. 2018 [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 4, 2020 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
M02.00010: Rydberg Atom-based Sensors for Radio Frequency Spectrum and Waveform Analysis Matthew Simons, Joshua Kast, Amy Robinson, Branislav Korenko, Joshua Gordon, Christopher Holloway Rydberg atoms have been demonstrated as radio frequency (RF) field sensors over a wide range frequencies, from below 1 GHz to over 200 GHz. Recently, Rydberg atoms have been used for a variety of sensing applications, such as to receiving amplitude, frequency, and phase modulated RF signals, measuring near-field antenna patterns, and discriminating polarization. In this talk we demonstrate the use of Rydberg atoms to measure an RF spectrum through the down-conversion of RF signals. By tuning the LO frequency and monitoring a particular IF frequency, the Rydberg atom-based mixer is used analogously to an RF spectrum analyzer. For a particular atomic state, RF frequencies can be detected within a bandwidth around the center frequency. We examine the reception of multiple signals, various types of signals, intermodulation, and distortion. A Rydberg atom-based spectrum analysis may be particularly advantageous at high frequencies (above 100 GHz). The atom-based mixer can also be used to detect RF waveforms, such as a chirped signal. As an RF signal frequency is varied, the IF signal frequency output from the atom mixer will vary as the difference between the LO and signal, corresponding to the chirp. We show the results of detecting a chrirped RF signal with Rydberg atoms. [Preview Abstract] |
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