Bulletin of the American Physical Society
51st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 65, Number 4
Monday–Friday, June 1–5, 2020; Portland, Oregon
Session D07: Atom InterferometersLive
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Chair: Paul Hamilton, University of California at Los Angeles Room: E145-146 |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 2:00PM - 2:12PM Live |
D07.00001: Rotation Sensing with a Trapped Barium Ion Randy Putnam, Adam West, Wes Campbell, Paul Hamilton We present progress toward a trapped ion gyroscope [1]. We perform Ramsey interferometry between Zeeman states of a $^{138}$Ba$^+$ ion using a modified version of the spin-dependent kicks technique [2]. Rotation of the apparatus at rate $\Omega$ during the interferometer sequence produces a Sagnac phase: $\Phi=\frac{4\pi E}{hc^2}(N\vec{A})\cdot \vec{\Omega}$, with $E=mc^2$ the particle energy and $N\vec{A}$ the interferometer's effective area. Ions provide a $10^{11}$ increase in particle energy compared to photons and together with the ability for ions to orbit many times ($N$) in the trap, we will reach sensitivities comparable to commercially available gyros \sim1$ \mu$rad s$^{-1}$Hz$^{-1/2}$. A recent study of systematics shows the feasibility of the technique [3]. We show ultrafast coherent control of a Zeeman qubit using a 36 W mode-locked Nd:YAG laser with 76 MHz rep rate, performing both Rabi and Ramsey experiments using two orthogonal Raman beams which allows us to impart momentum on the ion. We are currently working towards free-oscillation interferometry.\\ $[1]$ W. C. Campbell and P. Hamilton, J. Phys. B. 50, 064002 (2017)\\ $[2]$ J. Mizrahi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 203001 (2013)\\ $[3]$ A. West, Phys. Rev. A 100, 063622 (2019) [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 2:12PM - 2:24PM Live |
D07.00002: Simultaneous Multi-Axis Inertial Sensing with Compact Point Source Atom Interferometry Azure Hansen, Yun-Jhih Chen, Elizabeth A. Donley, John E. Kitching Point-source atom interferometry (PSI) makes use of the thermal velocity distribution in a cloud of cold atoms to measure two axes of rotation and one axis of acceleration in a single measurement run. With a simpler experimental implementation than typical atom interferometer gyroscopes, PSI has potential as a compact instrument in resilient positioning and navigation. Given the limited expansion time in a centimeter-scale PSI system, such measurements are typically done outside the point-source limit. The gyroscope scale factor therefore depends on the initial and final cold atom cloud sizes and shapes and their stability over time. Here we characterize the biases and challenges specific to compact systems and methods to overcome them. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 2:24PM - 2:36PM Live |
D07.00003: \textbf{Entanglement Enhanced Matterwave Interferometry} Matthew N. Chow, Bethany J. Little, L. Paul Parazzoli, Jonathan E. Bainbridge, Brandon P. Ruzic, Constantin Brif, Grant Biedermann Matterwave interferometers have become leading platforms for inertial and gravitational sensing. As these devices compete for ever greater precision, understanding and improving the limits of their sensitivity becomes paramount. We propose exploiting advances in Rydberg-mediated entanglement of neutral atoms to construct a near Heisenberg-scaling interferometer. We report on the experimental progress in extending the capability of our apparatus, which has previously demonstrated two atom entanglement, and discuss the impact of various error sources on the sensitivity of our interferometer. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 2:36PM - 2:48PM Live |
D07.00004: Large Momentum Transfer Clock Atom Interferometry on the 689 nm Intercombination Line of Strontium Thomas Wilkason, Jan Rudolph, Megan Nantel, Hunter Swan, Connor M. Holland, Yijun Jiang, Benjamin E. Garber, Samuel P. Carman, Jason M. Hogan We report the first realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) clock atom interferometry. Using single-photon interactions on the strontium ${}^1S_0\, - {}^3P_1$ transition, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometers and gradiometers with state-of-the-art momentum separation. Moreover, we circumvent excited state decay limitations and extend the gradiometer duration to 50 times the excited state lifetime. Due to the broad velocity acceptance of the interferometry pulses, all experiments are performed with laser-cooled atoms at a temperature of $3\,\mu \text{K}$. We will discuss applications of this technique in state-of-the-art gravity gradiometry and in compact and mobile inertial sensors. This work paves the way towards pursuing LMT-enhanced clock atom interferometry on even narrower transitions, a key ingredient in proposals for gravitational wave detection and dark matter searches. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 2:48PM - 3:00PM Live |
D07.00005: Precision Gross-Pitaevskii modeling of a dual-Sagnac interferometer Mark Edwards, Charles Henry, Stephen Thomas, Colson Sapp, Charles Clark A recent experiment$^{1}$, performed in the group of Cass Sackett, implemented a dual Sagnac interferometer for rotation sensing using a Bose--Einstein condensate confined in an harmonic potential. The condensate is first split into two pieces using standing--wave Bragg lasers and then allowed to fly apart until the two pieces come to a stop. These two pieces are then split again along a perpendicular direction creating two pairs of condensates moving around a circle in opposite directions. They re-overlap after one trip around the circle at which point they are split a third time and the number of stationary atoms is measured. We have simulated this experiment using a a model based on the Lagrangian Variational Method where the condensate pieces are represented by Gaussian clouds. We have mapped out the region of validity of this model by direct numerical simulation using the 3D Gross--Pitaevskii equation. In addition to performing simulations under experimental conditions where the number of atoms was $N=10^{4}$, we also simulated the interferometer operation for larger condensates where atom--atom interactions must be accounted for. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 3:00PM - 3:12PM Live |
D07.00006: MAIUS-B: Towards dual species matter wave interferometry in space Baptist Piest, Wolfgang Bartosch, Jonas Böhm, Maike Lachmann, Magdalena Misslisch, Vera Vollenkemper, Thijs Wendrich, Ernst Rasel After the successful launch of the MAIUS-1 mission and the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation and coherent matter wave manipulation in space [1] we aim for two-species atom interferometers on the sounding rocket missions MAIUS-2 and -3. The new system contains, in addition to Rb-87, K-41 as a second species and will utilize Raman double-diffraction enhanced beam splitters. As part of our flight preparations we have set up a test bed including the original physics package and a ground-based laser and electronics system which closely resembles the flight configuration. In our ground-based experiments we succeeded in generating Bose-Einstein condensates containing more than $3\cdot 10^{5}$ Rb-87 atoms and $5\cdot 10^{4}$ K-41 atoms in less than 2.5 s. Recently developed laser cooling schemes like sub-Doppler cooling of K-41 on the D1-line [2] and blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping of Rb-87 [3] have been proven to work efficiently on our atom chip setup giving perspectives for future space missions using compact setups. Here, we give an overview of the planned sounding rocket missions and present the current status of the ongoing experiments. [1] D. Becker et al., Nature \textbf{562}, 391 395 (2018) [2] H. Chen et al., PRA \textbf{94}, 033408 (2016) [3] K. N. Jarvis et al. PRL \textbf{120}, 083201 (2018) [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 3:12PM - 3:24PM Live |
D07.00007: High Dynamic-Range Atom Interferometry Dimitry Yankelev, Chen Avinadav, Ofer Firstenberg, Nir Davidson Cold atom interferometers are among the most sensitive instruments for measuring inertial forces, such as gravity, gravity gradients, accelerations, and rotations. As a phase measuring instrument, the dynamic range of a single interferometer is limited to 2$\pi$ radians, and a trade-off exists between dynamic range and sensitivity that is defined only by the experimental signal-to-noise ratio. We propose and experimentally realize techniques that overcome this limitation by performing interferometric measurements with multiple scale factors, which vary between experimental cycles or within the same one. We demonstrate orders of magnitude gain in dynamic range with minimal loss of sensitivity. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 3:24PM - 3:36PM On Demand |
D07.00008: Decoherence and Dynamics in a Continuous Atom Interferometer Jonathan Kwolek, Mark Bashkansky, Adam Black We present new measurements studying an atomic beam source for continuous, cold atom interferometry. The atomic beam is prepared with an off-axis two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT) as well as an on-axis, far detuned three-dimensional moving molasses stage. This method provides a beam of atoms with temperatures comparable to pulsed-atom interferometers with far less near-resonant light. We will quantify the reduction in near-resonant scattered light from the atom source by exploring decoherence and light induced phase-shift mechanisms in a simple atom interferometer. Additionally, we quantify the theoretical performance of this system as a cold-atom gyroscope under platform dynamics. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 3:36PM - 3:48PM On Demand |
D07.00009: Correlated inertial sensors using a single Bose-Einstein condensate Matthias Gersemann, Martina Gebbe, Sven Abend, Christian Schubert, Ernst M. Rasel Atom interferometers inherently feature long-term stabilities and accuracies but can face challenging environments where they are limited by e.g. vibration noise. We introduce novel schemes for such atom interferometers exploiting the narrow momentum widths of delta-kick collimated Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). An inertial sensitive measurement setup is presented combining correlated Mach-Zehnder like atom interferometers to simultaneously measure rotations and accelerations. This geometry correlates three sets of two simultaneously operated interferometers generated from a single BEC. For each set an initial double Bragg diffraction pulse is applied to split the condensate symmetrically into two sources prior to the interferometry pulse sequence each with a non-vanishing relative motion. In this way, the interferometer is sensitive to accelerations as well as rotations. As an addition, we also present a method to increase the dynamic range by employing beam splitters with different diffraction orders in a correlated geometry. The main benefit of these dual interferometer geometries is the common rejection of vibration noise. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 2, 2020 3:48PM - 4:00PM On Demand |
D07.00010: Optimal Robust Pulses for Atomic Fountain Interferometry Michael Goerz, Paul Kunz, Mark Kasevich, Vladimir Malinovky Atomic Fountain interferometers allow for unprecedented precision in the measurement of accelerations and gravitational gradients. They enable advances in fundamental research such as tests of the equivalence principle and gravitational wave detection, as well as technological applications such as inertial navigation. The signal contrast of large area interferometers depends on the precision and robustness of the laser pulses that implement the effective atomic beamsplitter and mirrors. We numerically map the robustness of the full atom interferometer with respect to variations both in the laser intensity and in the initial velocity of the atoms in the atomic cloud, comparing the relative merits of pulse schemes based on a train of Rabi pulses, respectively on rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) with linearly chirped pulses. Building on the RAP scheme, we further use optimal control theory to modulate the laser amplitude with the goal of making the interferometer insensitive to deviations in the pulse intensity and the initial velocity distribution, demonstrating an order of magnitude improvement in the interferometer's robustness. [Preview Abstract] |
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