Bulletin of the American Physical Society
50th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics APS Meeting
Volume 64, Number 4
Monday–Friday, May 27–31, 2019; Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Session C08: Cavity QED and nanophotonics |
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Chair: Olivier Pfister, University of Virginia Room: Wisconsin Center 103C |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
C08.00001: A New Apparatus for Deterministic Atom Arrays in Photonic Crystal Waveguides Alexander Burgers, Xingsheng Luan, Jean-Baptiste Beguin, Zhongzhong Qin, Lucas Peng, H Jeff Kimble Integrating ultracold atoms with nanophotonics enables the exploration of new paradigms in quantum optics and many body physics. Advanced fabrication capabilities for low-loss dielectrics materials provide powerful tools to engineer band structure and light-matter coupling of photons and atoms. For example, dispersion-engineered photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) permit not only stable trapping and probing of ultracold neutral atoms via interactions with guided mode (GM) light, but also the possibility to study the physics of strong, photon-mediated interactions between atoms, as well as atom mediated photon-photon interactions. Our current Caltech system to explore such phenomena consists of a quasi-one-dimensional PCW whose band structure arises from periodic modulation of the dielectric structure. Our upgraded system utilizes a silicate bonding technique to adhere the chip containing the PCWs to a glass cell for large optical access and ultra-high vacuum operation. With the improved optical access and small glass cell we are able to deterministically couple single atoms to the PCWs using an optical tweezer. The extension of the single tweezer to arrays of atoms in optical tweezers allows us to investigate the string atom-light interactions mediated by the PCW. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
C08.00002: Repulsive photons via interaction engineering in a quantum nonlinear medium Wenchao Xu, Sergio Cantu, Aditya Venkatramani, Leo Zhou, Mikhail Lukin, Vladan Vuletic Being able to manipulate interactions between single photons is significant for both fundamental studies and applications in quantum information and metrology. Photons do not typically interact with each other; however, special optical media can be engineered to achieve large non-linearity at the single photon level. Here, we control photon-photon interactions and demonstrate both repulsion and attraction between photons. We achieve this by coupling photons to two distinct atomic states in a cold atomic gas with one of the states being a strongly interacting Rydberg state. We demonstrate both repulsive and attractive interactions as characterized by the measured two- and three-photon correlation functions. These observations of repulsion between single photons and the ability to control the nature of interactions open a route to creating quantum matter composed of light such as a crystal of photons. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
C08.00003: Building Quantum Materials from Optical Photons \newline Nathan Schine, Logan W. Clark, Claire Baum, Tian-Xing Zheng, Ningyuan Jia, Jonathan Simon Can quantum materials be built out of light? We describe our efforts to imbue optical photons with strong interactions and design an environment suitable for the formation of material states of photons. We turn the photons into strongly-interacting cavity Rydberg polaritons, quasiparticles which inherit their spatial waveforms from the modes of an optical cavity and gain strong interactions from Rydberg excitations of an atomic gas. Granting these polaritons access to a carefully controlled set of transverse modes yields a synthetic magnetic field, in which polaritons can move and order themselves into topologically nontrivial material states. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
C08.00004: Fractional Quantum Hall Physics with Interacting Floquet Polaritons Logan W. Clark, Nathan Schine, Claire Baum, Tian-Xing Zheng, Ningyuan Jia, Jonathan Simon Photonic systems offer a promising new platform for exploring the exotic features of topological quantum materials on a particle-by-particle basis. We describe our efforts to explore this physics using cavity Rydberg polaritons - hybrids of an optical cavity photon and an atomic Rydberg excitation - which can interact with each other while moving in a synthetic magnetic field. Using Floquet engineering, we isolate a small, degenerate ‘puddle’ of states, in which interacting photons can self-organize with topological order. This platform has enabled our initial experiments on creating and detecting photonic Laughlin states, the ground states of a fractional quantum Hall system. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
C08.00005: Cavity protection of atomic qubits in the strong coupling regime. Sylvain Schwartz, Mohamed Baghdad, Pierre-Antoine Bourdel, Francesco Ferri, Arthur La Rooij, Jakob Reichel, Romain Long We have built a platform where ultracold rubidium atoms are strongly coupled to a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity under a high numerical aperture lens for single-qubit manipulation and readout. To maximize the overlap between the atomic distribution and the 780nm cavity mode to which they are coupled, we use an intracavity lattice trap at 1560nm in a configuration where the antinodes of the 1560nm field coincide with antinodes of the 780nm field, which is possible because the two wavelength are commensurate. With this device, we have observed vacuum Rabi frequencies on the order of 60MHz, corresponding to an effective single-atom cooperativity of about 40, limited by temperature but deep into the strong coupling regime. Because of their finite temperature, cold atom qubits in our setup have a random spatial distribution, which results in a random distribution of coupling parameters and resonance frequencies. In particular, the use of 1560nm trapping light implies strong energy shifts of the excited state manifold, typically 50 times bigger than ground state lightshifts. For our typical parameters, these inhomogeneities can be as large as several hundreds of MHz. Still, we observe transmission peaks of the atoms-cavity coupled system much narrower than this, on the order of a few tens of MHz. These observations are reminiscent of the cavity protection effect previously observed with spin ensembles coupled to superconducting microwave cavities, and reported here for the first time with atomic qubits. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
C08.00006: Cavity enhanced spectroscopy on the clock transition in $^{87}$Sr Juan A. Muniz, Julia R. K. Cline, Dylan Young, James K. Thompson Ultranarrow optical transitions are being used for the new generation of optical atomic clocks. Due to its weak strength and the difficulties to achieve atomic coherence times comparable with the excited state lifetime, the precise determination of its electric dipole moment has been elusive. In this work, we present a series of cavity-enhanced dispersive measurements of the phase shift on the cavity field caused by an ensemble of trapped $^{87}$Sr atoms inside a high finesse optical cavity, that allows for direct spectroscopy on the 1 mHz optical clock transition. Together with dispersive cavity frequency shift measurements on the 7.5 kHz transition, this measurement gains atom number insensitivity. We present our results as well as comment on how this technique can be used to perform non-destructive and real time measurements of driven atomic systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
C08.00007: Coupling single atoms to micro-ring photonic resonators. Brian Fields, May Kim, Tzu-Han Chang, Cheng-An Chen, Chen-Lung Hung Trapped atoms on nanophotonics form an exciting new platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matters. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents a novel opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. We report our recent effort in migrating cold atoms to a planar photonic platform, which can offer a variety of high-fidelity quantum functionalities due to increased dimensionality and flexibility in photonics design. Our photonic circuit is based on high quality silicon nitride micro-rings (Q$=$338,000) fabricated on a transparent membrane substrate that is fully compatible with cold atom laser cooling and trapping. We demonstrate that single atoms can be directly loaded into an optical tweezer that is tightly focused on the surface of a micro-ring structure and can be fluorescence imaged. We further show that an optical tweezer can be converted into an optical conveyor belt, transporting trapped atoms into or out of the tweezer focus for full positioning near the planar dielectrics for atom-nanophotonics lattice assembly. We present our progress in coupling these atoms to a high-quality micro-ring with projected large single atom cooperativity (C $\ge $ 25). Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and new applications in quantum technology. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
C08.00008: Novel Nanophotonic Cavity Design for Diamond Color-Centers Michelle Chalupnik, Erik Knall, Bartholomeus Machielse, Cleaven Chia, Stefan Bogdanovic, Marko Loncar Nanocavities are a powerful tool for quantum optics, particularly when paired with solid-state emitters such as silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. Non-traditionally shaped cavities can offer benefits such as low mode volume or more favorable strain/electric field overlap. I will show simulation and fabrication results for diamond nanocavities made with non-traditionally shaped unit cells. In particular, cavities with bowtie cutouts or with ribbed cutouts can offer unique benefits compared to cavities with elliptical or circular cutouts. Such cavities have applications in areas of quantum information including as quantum repeaters. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
C08.00009: Diamond Nanophotonic Devices for Quantum Optical Networks Erik Knall, Bartholomeus Machielse, Michelle Chalupnik, Mihir Bhaskar, Christian Nguyen, David Levonian, Pavel Stroganov, Conner Williams, Denis Sukachev, Ralf Riedinger, Hongkun Park, Marko Loncar, Mikhail Lukin A major challenge in quantum optics is the development of an efficient spin-photon interface that deterministically couples a quantum emitter to an easily accessible optical mode. Cavity quantum electrodynamics is the canonical approach for achieving such efficient atom-photon interactions. Recently, centrosymmetric color centers in diamond nanophotonic cavities have emerged as a promising alternative to trapped atom systems. We discuss the development of diamond photonic crystal cavities with high quality factors and sub-wavelength mode volumes. Such solid-state devices, combined with integrated electronics for high-fidelity spin control and photon-detection should enable a new generation of quantum optical experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
C08.00010: Interaction Dynamics among Rydberg Polaritons in Multi-Mode Optical cavities Hadiseh Alaeian, Jan Kumlin, Hans Peter Buchler, Tilman Pfau Polaritons are superpositions of matter and photon states, whose effective masses are from the photonic part and their interaction originates from their matter part. While the small mass of the photons allows for observing quantum effects at higher temperatures, even up to the room temperature, the interaction allows creating collective many-body effects. Though being very promising due to the rather weak exciton-exciton interactions observing some of the important many-body effects has remained elusive for exciton-polaritons, so far. In this talk we discuss a new quasi-particle called cavity-Rydberg polariton, a quantum superposition of a Rydberg state and a cavity mode. Benefiting from the large interaction between cavity-Rydberg polaritons, inherited from their strongly-interacting atomic part, these quasi-particles are the best candidates to realize a strongly-correlated system for studying quantum many-body physics with photons. [Preview Abstract] |
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