Bulletin of the American Physical Society
48th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 62, Number 8
Monday–Friday, June 5–9, 2017; Sacramento, California
Session T9: Precision Electric and Magnetic Field Measurements |
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Chair: Cristopher Holloway, NIST Room: 315 |
Friday, June 9, 2017 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
T9.00001: Simultaneous Vector Magnetometry Jennifer Schloss, John Barry, Matthew Turner, Ronald Walsworth We present a method for simultaneous broadband measurement of all components of a time-varying magnetic field, demonstrated on an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Using a multichannel lock-in technique, a single photodetector records the field's projections onto the four NV crystallographic axes. By removing dead time associated with addressing NV resonances sequentially, we demonstrate a dramatic speedup in vector field sensing compared to conventional vector magnetometry on NV ensembles. Applications of this technique include fast rotation sensing, e.g. for navigation, and magnetic imaging of dynamics in neuronal networks. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
T9.00002: SQCRAMscope imaging of transport in an iron-pnictide superconductor Fan Yang, Alicia Kollar, Stephen Taylor, Johanna Palmstrom, Jiun-Haw Chu, Ian Fisher, Benjamin Lev Microscopic imaging of local magnetic fields provides a window into the organizing principles of complex and technologically relevant condensed matter materials. However, a wide variety of intriguing strongly correlated and topologically nontrivial materials exhibit poorly understood phenomena outside the detection capability of state-of-the-art high-sensitivity, high-resolution scanning probe magnetometers. We have recently introduced a quantum-noise-limited scanning probe magnetometer that can operate from room-to-cryogenic temperatures with unprecedented DC-field sensitivity and micron-scale resolution. The Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope (SQCRAMscope) employs a magnetically levitated atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), thereby providing immunity to conductive and blackbody radiative heating. We will report on the first use of the SQCRAMscope for imaging a strongly correlated material. Specifically, we will present measurements of electron transport in iron-pnictide superconductors across the electron nematic phase transition at T = 135 K. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
T9.00003: High-Spectral-Resolution NMR Using NV Centers in Diamond Dominik Bucher, David Glenn, Ronald Walsworth Nitrogen-vacancy centers grown or implanted at the surface of a diamond chip can be used to detect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals from molecules in a small volume [\textless (10 nm)\textasciicircum 3 - (10 um)\textasciicircum 3] above the surface. A key outstanding challenge in the field is to achieve sufficient spectral resolution (\textasciitilde 1 ppm of the nuclear Larmor frequency) to distinguish features such as chemical shifts and J-couplings in the NMR spectra. We have developed a synchronized readout technique that satisfies this criterion for sample volumes on the order of \textasciitilde 1 pL. We show that this technique can provide mHz spectral resolution in the detection of an oscillating magnetic field (with carrier frequency f $=$ 4 MHz) produced by a nearby coil, and demonstrate progress towards the detection of molecular NMR spectra with resolved chemical shifts. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
T9.00004: Fiber-coupled Vapor Cell for Rydberg Electromagnetically-induced Transparency Matthew Simons, Joshua Gordon, Christopher Holloway Rydberg atom-based RF electric field (E-field) measurements have the potential to become a new standard for RF calibrations. Rydberg states of alkali atoms (Cs, Rb) are coupled through electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), where an RF field can interact, causing Autler-Townes splitting. The split is proportional to the strength of the RF E-field, providing an SI-traceable, self-calibrated method for RF E-field metrology. A necessary step towards developing this technique as a new standard is the ability to directly compare the atom-based probe to existing E-field probes. Previously, this technique has been confined to the optical table, making measurements in typical RF calibration environments impossible. We demonstrate a fiber-coupled Cs vapor cell, with counter-propagating fields coupled through the cell via GRIN lenses, supporting Rydberg EIT. This probe can be scanned over printed circuit boards and co-planar waveguides, and placed in environments such as TEM cells and anechoic chambers. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
T9.00005: Picoliter NMR spectroscopy using nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanofabricated diamond Pauli Kehayias, Andrey Jarmola, Nazanin Mosavian, Ilja Fescenko, Francisco Benito, Abdelghani Laraoui, Janis Smits, Lykourgos Bougas, Dmitry Budker, Alex Neumann, Steven Brueck, Victor Acosta Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analytical chemistry, though one drawback is that its utility can be limited by poor sensitivity. This makes NMR characterization challenging for samples with few nuclear spins. Building on the recent advances of using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond for NMR spectroscopy, we used an NV ensemble (a few-nm layer at the diamond surface) to improve sensitivity, which we further enhance by nanofabricating gratings for greater surface area. With nanofabricated diamond chips we detected the NMR signal from $\sim$1 molar $^{19}$F in glycerol in a $\sim$1 pL volume with nearly $100\times$ improvement in concentration sensitivity compared to previous reported works. We will present details on our recent findings and ongoing attempts to use this technique in practical applications. [1] P. Kehayias \textit{et al.}, arXiv:1701.01401 (2017). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
T9.00006: Rydberg Dipole Antennas Daniel Stack, Bradon Rodenburg, Stephen Pappas, Wangshen Su, Marc St. John, Paul Kunz, Matt Simon, Joshua Gordon, Christopher Holloway Measurements of microwave frequency electric fields by traditional methods (i.e. engineered antennas) have limited sensitivity and can be difficult to calibrate properly. A useful tool to address this problem are highly-excited (Rydberg) neutral atoms which have very large electric-dipole moments and many dipole-allowed transitions in the range of 1--500 GHz. Using Rydberg states, it is possible to sensitively probe the electric field in this frequency range using the combination of two quantum interference phenomena: electromagnetically induced transparency and the Autler-Townes effect. This atom-light interaction can be modeled by the classical description of a harmonically bound electron. The classical damped, driven, coupled-oscillators model yields significant insights into the deep connections between classical and quantum physics. We will present a detailed experimental analysis of the noise processes in making such measurements in the laboratory and discuss the prospects for building a practical atomic microwave receiver. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
T9.00007: Photon Shot Noise Limited Radio Frequency Electric Field Sensing Using Rydberg Atoms in Vapor Cells Santosh Kumar, AKBAR J. Jahangiri, Haoquan Fan, Harald Kuebler, James P. Shaffer We report Rydberg atom-based radio frequency (RF) electrometry measurements at a sensitivity limited by probe laser photon shot noise. By utilizing the phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in room temperature atomic vapor cells, Rydberg atoms can be used for absolute electric field measurements that significantly surpass conventional methods in utility, sensitivity and accuracy. We show that by using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with homodyne detection or using frequency modulation spectroscopy with active control of residual amplitude modulation we can achieve a RF electric field detection sensitivity of 3 $\mu $Vcm$^{\mathrm{-1}}$Hz$^{\mathrm{/2}}$. The sensitivity is limited by photon shot noise on the detector used to readout the probe laser of the EIT scheme. We suggest a new multi-photon scheme that can mitigate the effect of photon shot noise. The multi-photon approach allows an increase in probe laser power without decreasing atomic coherence times that result from collisions caused by an increase in Rydberg atom excitation. The multi-photon scheme also reduces Residual Doppler broadening enabling more accurate measurements to be carried out. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
T9.00008: Sensing electric and magnetic components of microwave fields using Rydberg and ground-state atoms Tobias Thiele, Joannis Koepsell, Yiheng Lin, Johannes Deiglmayr, Mark O. Brown, Cindy Regal, Andreas Wallraff, Frederic Merkt Precise sensing of electromagnetic fields has many applications ranging from definition of frequency standards to magnetic field sensing in magnetic resonance imaging. Atoms as sensors are particularly attractive due to the quantum nature of their interaction with electromagnetic fields. We present two different experiments that exploit sensitive Rabi-rate measurements in atoms to determine the magnetic or electric components of microwave fields. First, we show measurements of two-dimensional spatial distributions of an electric field amplitude and its direction with respect to a bias field using a supersonic beam of Rydberg atoms in a cryogenic environment. Rydberg atoms are ideally suited to measure small variations in electric fields because of their large polarizability. We then present how we use a complete measurement of the polarization of the magnetic component of a microwave field to sense small changes in the polarization axis of single ground-state atoms in optical tweezers. This platform has recently attracted much attention because of the possibility to control the position and state of the atom. A combination of both techniques opens perspectives to precisely and non-invasively detect very small changes in electromagnetic fields in free space or close to surfaces. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
T9.00009: Rydberg-atom-based electric field sensing: continuous-frequency measurements of high-intensity microwave electric fields David Anderson, Georg Raithel, Eric Paradis, Matthew Simons, Christopher Holloway In this talk I will describe recent work employing Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic vapors for atom-based electric field measurements and sensing. This will focus on the demonstration of high-intensity microwave electric-field measurements exceeding 1~kV/m and strong-field measurement capability over a continuous microwave frequency range in the $K_a$-band, up to $\pm 1$~GHz detuned from the next relevant atomic transition (15\% band coverage). Time permitting, developments towards improved measurement sensitivity of weak fields, polarization-selectivity, as well as DC-field measurement applications will also be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, June 9, 2017 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
T9.00010: Transverse spin relaxation of rubidium atoms in solid parahydrogen Sunil Upadhyay, Jonathan Weinstein We grow parahydrogen matrices doped with rubidium atoms at densities on the order of $10^{17}$~cm$^{-3}$. We prepare the atomic spin state of the implanted rubidium atoms with optical pumping, and measure the spin state with optical spectroscopy. The combination of high atomic densities and optical addressability make this a promising experimental platform for applications such as magnetometry. We measure $T_2^*$ and $T_2$ times for this system using free-induction decay and spin-echo techniques, and observe a strong dependence of $T_2$ on the density of orthohydrogen impurities in the parahydrogen matrix. [Preview Abstract] |
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