Bulletin of the American Physical Society
47th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 61, Number 8
Monday–Friday, May 23–27, 2016; Providence, Rhode Island
Session B7: Nonlinear Optics and Lasers |
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Chair: Olga Smirnova, Max Born Institute Room: 553AB |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
B7.00001: Topological charge algebra of optical vortices in nonlinear interactions Mariia Shutova, Alexandra Zhdanova, Aysan Bahari, Miaochan Zhi, Alexei Sokolov Optical vortices find their use in multiple areas of research and technology; in particular, they provide an opportunity to generate short-pulse spatially-structured optical beams, which can be used to study ultrafast processes. In our work, we explore interactions of femtosecond optical vortices in nonlinear crystals. We investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum among multiple (applied and generated) beams involved in a coherent Raman interaction. We use a liquid crystal light modulator to shape the applied pump and Stokes beams into optical vortices with various integer values of topological charge, and cross them in a Raman-active crystal to produce multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands. We then examine the transfer of optical angular momentum into each sideband and find that it follows a certain law that can be derived from angular momentum conservation for created and annihilated photons, or equivalently, from phase-matching considerations for the interacting beams. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
B7.00002: Non-linear optics of ultrastrongly coupled cavity polaritons Michael Crescimanno, Bin Liu, Michael McMaster, Kenneth Singer Experiments at CWRU have developed organic cavity polaritons that display world-record vacuum Rabi splittings of more than an eV. This ultrastrongly coupled polaritonic matter is a new regime for exploring non-linear optical effects. We apply quantum optics theory to quantitatively determine various non-linear optical effects including types of low harmonic generation (SHG and THG) in single and double cavity polariton systems. Ultrastrongly coupled photon-matter systems such as these may be the foundation for technologies including low-power optical switching and computing. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
B7.00003: Coherence properties of a single-mode polariton laser Seonghoon Kim, Bo Zhang, Zhaorong Wang, Hui Deng, Julian Fischer, Sebastian Brodbeck, Martin Kamp, Christian Schneider, Sven Hofling Exciton-polariton condensation is a promising low threshold coherent light source, namely a polariton laser. However, first- and second-order coherences of a polariton laser has been poor and not well understood in two dimensional microcavity systems. Here, we show experimentally that full second-order coherence is established in a single-mode polariton laser and maintained far above the lasing threshold. The coherence time of first-order coherence functions increases initially and then reduces as the number of polaritons in a ground state increases due to the polariton-polariton interaction. Moreover, a transition in spectral lineshape from Lorentzian to Gaussian was observed as the occupation number increases as a result of the large interaction energy. These results are in very good agreement with a single-mode atom laser theory. The single-mode polariton laser was realized by designing a subwavelength grating (SWG) mirror which provides strong lateral confinement for discrete polariton states and polarization-selective reflectance for lifted spin-degeneracy. The results would be important for making fully coherent polariton lasers, as well as nonlinear polariton devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
B7.00004: The ro-vibrational `conveyor belt' for all-optical lasing during laser filamentation in Nitrogen Misha Ivanov, Maria Richter, Felipe Morales, Olga Smirnova Inducing and controlling lasing in the open air is an intriguing challenge. Recent experiments on laser filamentation in the air have demonstrated generation of population inversion and lasing on the 391 nm line in the nitrogen ion, which corresponds to the transition between its second excited B$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ and the ground X$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{g\thinspace }}$ electronic states. Importantly, lasing at this transition appears to be a very general effect, arising during filamentation of virtually any incident radiation, from visible to mid-infrared. We analyze the possible mechanisms that can be responsible for the generation of the population inversion between the B$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ and X$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{g\thinspace }}$ states of N$_{\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{+}}$, focusing on the interplay between tunnel ionization of neutral nitrogen to different electronic states, ultrafast laser driven electronic excitations in the ion, molecular vibrations, laser induced alignment and rotations. We show how the strong laser field creates a ro-vibrational `conveyor belt' carrying the population away from the ground electronic state X$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma ^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{g\thinspace }}$ and enabling population inversion in B$^{\mathrm{2}}\Sigma^{\mathrm{+}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ . We show that this mechanism is robust with respect to the incident laser wavelength, and analyze its optimization with respect to the fundamental wavelength and pulse duration. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
B7.00005: Enhanced Harmonic Generation via Breaking of Phase-Matching Symmetry Ekaterina Sergan, George Gibson We discuss experimental results of third harmonic generation (THG) with a focused Gaussian beam in the semi-infinite limit, using two methods. The first method involves placing a metal septum at the waist such that the laser drills a small pinhole, which in turn disrupts the beam after the waist. The second method uses a very thin septum as a separator for two gasses: one with a large third order susceptibility (before the focus), and the other with a small susceptibility (after the focus). Both methods inhibit harmonic generation immediately after the beam waist, leading to increased conversion efficiency and better mode quality. Our work involves studies of conversion efficiency with varying septum thickness and gas pressure, and the results are compared to computer simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
B7.00006: Optimizing Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Signals with Laguerre-Gaussian Beams Matthew Holtfrerich, Tom Akin, Sean Krzyzewski, Alberto Marino, Eric Abraham We have performed electromagnetically induced transparency in ultracold Rubidium atoms using a Laguerre-Gaussian laser mode as the control beam. Laguerre-Gaussian modes are characterized by a ring type transverse intensity profile and carry intrinsic orbital angular momentum. This angular momentum carried by the control beam can be utilized in optical computing applications which is unavailable to the more common Gaussian laser field. Specifically, we use a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam with a Gaussian probe to show that the linewidth of the transmission spectrum can be narrowed when compared to a Gaussian control beam that has the same peak intensity. We present data extending this work to compare control fields in both the Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian modes with constant total power. We have made efforts to find the optical overlap that best minimizes the transmission linewidth while also maintaining signal contrast. This was done by changing the waist size of the control beam with respect to the probe. The best results were obtained when the waist of a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam is equal to the waist of the Gaussian probe resulting in narrow linewidth features. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
B7.00007: ABSTRACT MOVED TO POSTER K1.199 |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
B7.00008: Locked SU(1,1) Nonlinear Interferometer for Phase Shift Measurements in Triangular Nanohole Arrays Emily Layden, Tabitha Coulter, Joseph Lukens, Ben Lawrie, Raphael Pooser Nonlinear interferometers have proven to be more sensitive than classical interferometers, and classical interferometers have been shown to have a better limit of detection when coupled with a plasmonic sensor. Here we study combining a locked nonlinear interferometer with a plasmonic triangle nanohole array. Locking the nonlinear interferometer provides more substantial information about the noise in the system and makes this type of sensor more accessible for practical applications. We compared the stability of the locked verses the unlocked system and observed a more stable output when locking the interferometer compared to the unlocked system. The system is less susceptible to fluctuations due to air currents, meaning that smaller phase shifts can be resolved. Applying this nonlinear interferometer to a plasmonic sensor, such as a nanohole array exhibiting extraordinary optical transmission, allows for increased sensitivity in the detection of a particular analyte concentration. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
B7.00009: Semi-Classical and Quantized-Field Descriptions of Light Propagation in General Non-Local and Non-Stationary Dispersive and Absorbing Media Verne Jacobs Semi-classical and quantum-field descriptions for the interaction of light with matter are systematically discussed. Applications of interest include resonant pump-probe optical phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency. In the quantum-mechanical description of matter systems, we introduce a general reduced-density-matrix framework. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified and self-consistent manner, using a Liouville-space operator representation. In the semi-classical description, the electromagnetic field is described as a classical field satisfying the Maxwell equations. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n’th order) non-linear electromagnetic-response tensors describing moving many-electron systems. The tetradic matrix elements of the Liouville-space self-energy operators are evaluated for environmental collisional and radiative interactions. The quantized-field approach is essential for a fully self-consistent quantum-mechanical description. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
B7.00010: A color sensor wavelength meter Dallin Durfee, Jarom Jackson, Nils Otterstrom, Tyler Jones, James Archibald We will discuss a laser wavelength meter based on a commercial color sensor chip consisting of an array of photodiodes with different absorptive color filters. By comparing the relative amplitudes of light on the photodiodes, the wavelength of light can be determined with picometer-level precision and with picometer-scale calibration drift over a period longer than a month. [Preview Abstract] |
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