Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2006 37th Meeting of the Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Tuesday–Saturday, May 16–20, 2006; Knoxville, TN
Session K1: 1-d Gases |
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Chair: Ana Maria Rey, Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Room: Knoxville Convention Center Lecture Hall |
Thursday, May 18, 2006 8:00AM - 8:36AM |
K1.00001: Dynamics and correlations in one-dimensional gases Invited Speaker: One-dimensional gases, bosonic or fermionic ones, are examples of strongly correlated systems in which interactions dominate. Recent experiments with cold atoms allow for a detailed study of peculiar correlation properties of these systems. I will show how various correlation properties, in particular the phase coherence, can be obtained from the solutions of exactly solvable models in one dimension and discuss possible dynamical manifestation of the strongly interacting regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, May 18, 2006 8:36AM - 9:12AM |
K1.00002: A quantum Newton's cradle Invited Speaker: I will describe experiments with highly non-equilibrium one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases. We first prepare arrays of trapped 1D Bose gases. We then set many of the atoms oscillating with four recoil energies. This initial condition is reminiscent of a Newton's cradle, the popular momentum demonstration. We watch these distributions evolve, and observe that they do not reach equilibrium even after each atom has undergone thousands of collisions. In contrast, similarly energetic 3D gases thermalize after only a few collisions. Our result holds in both the Tonks-Girardeau and the intermediate 1D coupling regimes. When tunneling is allowed among the1D arrays, the collisional character ceases to be strictly 1D. I will describe our observations of the ensuing thermalization. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, May 18, 2006 9:12AM - 9:48AM |
K1.00003: Low-Dimensional Fermi Gases in Optical Lattices Invited Speaker: Michael K{\"o}hl Optical lattices are a powerful tool to create novel many-body quantum systems with ultracold atoms. In particular, they allow to study low-dimensional quantum gases. A strongly interacting one-dimensional Fermi gas which we create in an optical lattice represents a realization of a tunable Luttinger liquid. We have observed two-particle bound states of atoms confined in a one- dimensional matter waveguide. These bound states exist irrespective of the sign of the scattering length, contrary to the situation in free space. In a spin-polarized Fermi gas interacting via a p-wave Feshbach resonance the strong confinement allows us to restrict the asymptotic scattering states. When aligning the spins along (or perpendicular to) the axis of motion in a 1D gas, scattering into channels with the angular momentum projection of $|m|=1$ (or $m=0$) can be completely suppressed. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, May 18, 2006 9:48AM - 10:24AM |
K1.00004: Empirical manifestations of integrability in cold quantum gases Invited Speaker: Integrable quantum many-body systems traditionally belong to the domain of mathematical physics, with little or no connection to experiments. However, the experiments on confined quantum-degenerate gases has recently yielded faithful realizations of a number of integrable systems, thus making them phenomenologicalily relevant. \\ We show that the presence of few-body conserved quantities in a quantum system leads to dramatic, initial-state-dependent discrepancy between the state of the system after relaxation and the predictions of thermodynamics. Using the newly introduced concept of constrained thermal equilibrium we study quantitatively the effects of the memory of the initial conditions. As objects of study we choose bosons in one-dimensional optical lattices in the deep Mott regime and spin-$0$ Bose gases confined to waveguides, both of which have been experimentally realized already. We suggest momentum distribution and chemical composition as the simplest experimental observables sensitive to the effects of integrability. \\ Overall, we argue that the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of integrable quantum gases are so different from the usual, that they well-qualify for a new state of quantum matter . [Preview Abstract] |
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