Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 3
Saturday–Tuesday, April 13–16, 2019; Denver, Colorado
Session Z09: Axion IIII and Dark Matter R&D |
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Sponsoring Units: DPF Chair: Jonathan Ouellet, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room: Sheraton Governor's Square 11 |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
Z09.00001: Overview of the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) Gianpaolo Patrick Carosi The nature of dark matter is one of the greatest mysteries in particle physics and cosmology. The axion, a light neutral boson predicted as a solution to the strong CP problem in QCD, is also a compelling dark matter candidate. The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) uses the haloscope technique to search for dark matter axions resonantly converting to detectable microwaves in a microwave cavity threaded by a strong magnetic field. ADMX has been on the forefront of the search for dark matter axions for the last 20+ years and its recent upgrades have given it exquisite sensitivity enabling it to cover the entire range of potential axion couplings for the first time. In this talk I will introduce the axion as a dark matter candidate, discuss the ADMX experimental technique and outline the recent results and future plans for ADMX. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
Z09.00002: Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) Generation-2: Practical Realization of a DFSZ Sensitive Haloscope Nicole Crisosto Axions are a well motivated cold dark matter candidate. Axion haloscopes, such as the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX), use the conversion of axions to photons in the presence of a magnetic field to search for dark matter axions. A haloscope’s sensitivity requires measuring minute signals with extremely low noise. The quantum electronics and cryogenics used to achieve sufficiently low system noise temperature to be sensitive to the GUT-compatible DFSZ axion coupling model in ADMX will be described. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
Z09.00003: Analysis of ADMX Generation-2 Data and Plans for Higher Frequency Searches Nick C Du Axions are hypothetical elementary particles developed as a solution to the Strong CP problem in QCD physics. The properties of light axions also make them a viable candidate for making up all the dark matter in our Universe. In 2017, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) became the first haloscope experiment to achieve sensitivity to the full range of axion-photon couplings for invisible QCD axions for a given mass range (2.66-2.81 ueV). In 2018, ADMX performed a 2nd data run which extended this range to between 2.81-3.31ueV. I will be discussing the analysis techniques used in the experiment in 2018 to calibrate the experiments system noise temperature and search for axion candidates and plans for higher frequency axion searches with ADMX. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
Z09.00004: The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) Sidecar Cavity System Nathan Woollett The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) seeks to discover dark matter by looking for the resonant conversion of primordial axions to microwave photons in a strong magnetic field. The ADMX “Sidecar” cavity system is designed to pave the way for future, higher mass, searches by acting as an R&D platform which operates in tandem with the main ADMX experiment. In its latest run Sidecar has demonstrated the successful use of a piezoelectric actuator for cavity tuning and is the first to report data measured while scanning both the TM010 and TM020 modes. We report on the exclusions in three widely spaced frequency ranges (4202–4249, 5086–5799, and 7173–7203 MHz). Finally we will discuss the latest run of the Sidecar experiment and it’s anticipated sensitivity. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
Z09.00005: Orpheus: Extending the ADMX QCD Dark-Matter Axion Search to Higher Masses Raphael Cervantes Axions are hypothetical particles that, if they exist, would solve both the strong CP problem and the dark matter problem. Axions in our local dark matter halo could be detected using an apparatus consisting of a resonant microwave cavity threaded by a strong magnetic field. The ADMX experiment has recently used this technique to search for axions in the few mµ eV/c2 mass range. However, the ADMX search technique becomes increasingly challenging with increasing axion mass. This is because higher masses require smaller-diameter cavities, and a smaller cavity volume reduces the signal strength. Thus, there is interest in developing more sophisticated resonators to overcome this problem. The ADMX Orpheus experiment is one proposed resonator; it is a dielectric-loaded Fabry-Perot resonator designed to search for axions with masses approaching 100 mµ eV/c2. We present both progress on the characterization of a table-top prototype and the design of the cryogenic experiment. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
Z09.00006: Measuring the Light Yield of pure Cesium Iodide using two photomultiplier tubes at 77 Kelvin Nathan Saunders, Jing Liu For scintillation based detectors, improving intrinsic light yield and light collection effeciency can directly improve sensitivity used in searches for rare physics processes. In my experimentation, a light yield of ~23 PE/keV was found with an undoped cesium iodide (CsI) crystal coupled to two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at 77 Kelvin. This could lower the energy threshold for future dark matter and neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments that use CsI. By employing two PMTs and requiring a coincident trigger, the background dark count created by the operating PMTs can become negligible. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
Z09.00007: Designing and building a scintillating bubble chamber for WIMPs and reactor CEvNS Rocco Coppejans, Matthew Bressler, C. Eric Dahl The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) is a rapidly developing new technology for sub-keV nuclear recoil detection. Demonstrations in liquid xenon at the few-gram scale have confirmed that this technique combines the event-by-event energy resolution of a liquid-noble scintillation detector with the world-leading electron-recoil discrimination capability of the bubble chamber, and in fact maintains that discrimination capability at much lower thresholds than traditional Freon-based bubble chambers. The promise of unambiguous identification of sub-keV nuclear recoils in a scalable detector makes this an ideal technology for both GeV-mass WIMP searches and CEvNS detection at reactor sites. We will present progress from the SBC Collaboration towards the construction of a 10-kg argon bubble chamber with SiPM-based scintillation readout to test the low-threshold performance of this technique in a physics-scale device. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
Z09.00008: Measurement of saturated electron extraction efficiency for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments Jingke Xu, Sergey Pereverzev, Brian G Lenardo, James Kingstron, Daniel Naim, Adam Bernstein, Kareem Kazkaz, S. Mani Tripathi We report a new measurement of the electron extraction efficiency (EEE) from liquid xenon into gaseous xenon in a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC). By using the L- and K-shell capture lines from 37Ar decays and by developing excellent high voltage capabilities, we measured the relative EEE values at the highest extraction electric field strength reported to date. For the first time, a clear saturation of the EEE is observed for extraction electric fields above 7.5 kV/cm in the liquid; and the EEE stays stable at 3% level up to 10.4 kV/cm. We discuss how the observed saturation may help calibrate the absolute EEE values, and present the implications of this result to current and future xenon-based dark matter searches. |
Tuesday, April 16, 2019 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
Z09.00009: Measurements of the angular distribution of light reflected off PTFE in liquid xenon Ryan J Smith, Daniel McKinsey, Scott Kravitz, Lee Hagaman, Michinari Sakai IBEX is an experiment designed to measure the angular distribution of light reflected off of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) submerged in liquid xenon, in order to investigate microphysical models of reflection in this context. This is valuable information for experiments employing PTFE in liquid xenon time projection chambers, such as the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter direct detection experiment. Such detectors rely on the poorly understood high total reflectance of PTFE to xenon scintillation light to achieve excellent light collection efficiency. Since the energy thresholds of such experiments are strongly dependent on the light collection efficiency, a model of the reflectance behavior is desired. Furthermore, IBEX can be used to inform a more accurate simulation of the distribution of light in such detectors. We present the results of IBEX, including a discussion of the dependence on xenon temperature and pressure, the wavelength of light, the type of PTFE, and the surface finish of the sample. |
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