Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 3
Saturday–Tuesday, April 13–16, 2019; Denver, Colorado
Session Q09: Multimessenger MiniSymposiumFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAP DPF Chair: Marcelle Soares-Santos, Brandeis University Room: Sheraton Governor's Square 11 |
Monday, April 15, 2019 10:45AM - 11:21AM |
Q09.00001: The search for gravitational waves associated with gamma ray bursts in LIGO's second observing run and beyond. Invited Speaker: Jordan Palamos The observation of GRB170817A in conjunction with the gravitational wave event GW170817 pushed forward the field of multimessenger astronomy and confirmed the link between short GRBs and binary neutron star inspirals. During LIGO's 9 month second observing run there were over 200 other GRBs detected by various satellites. We present results of a targeted search for gravitational waves associated with these GRBs. Also, we discuss the search for gravitational waves associated with GRBs in O3. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 11:21AM - 11:33AM |
Q09.00002: Cosmic Rays Escaping from Galactic Superbubbles and Application to the Fermi Bubble Zhaowei Zhang, Kohta Murase, Peter I Meszaros We calculate the spectrum of escaping cosmic rays accelerated in the shocks produced by expanding galactic superbubbles powered by supernovae producing a continuous energy outflow in star-forming galaxies. We use the generalized Kompaneets equation solutions adapted to expansion in various external density profiles including exponential and power-law shapes, and assume that the escaping spectrum is dominated by the cosmic rays which have reached their maximum energy. We find that the escaping CR spectrum largely depends on the specific density profiles and power source properties, and the results are compared to and constrained by the observed diffuse cosmic ray spectrum spectrum. As a particular case we then also apply the results to the Milky Way's Fermi bubble, and find that the Fermi bubble cosmic rays could contribute a substantial fraction of the observed cosmic ray flux observed around $10^{17}$ eV. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 11:33AM - 11:45AM |
Q09.00003: Observations of the Sun in GeV Gamma Rays by CALET on the ISS Nicholas W Cannady The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) was deployed on the International Space Station in October 2015 and has accumulated over three years of continuous data to date. The calorimeter (CAL) is sensitive to gamma rays with energies above 1 GeV, and the response has been characterized up to hundreds of GeV. In this work we investigate the flux of gamma rays from the Sun. Previous observations with Fermi-LAT have demonstrated a hard spectrum up to 100 GeV in excess of predictions from cosmic-ray interactions in the solar limb, with a dip from ~30 GeV to ~50 GeV. CALET observations can provide a valuable independent measurement of this flux to further investigate these unexpected features. We present a preliminary measurement of the solar GeV gamma-ray flux using the LE-gamma trigger and an investigation of the expected background and significance of the measurement. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 11:45AM - 11:57AM |
Q09.00004: A DECam Search for Explosive Optical Transients in Association with IceCube Neutrino Alerts Robert Morgan, Keith Bechtol, Richard Kessler, Kenneth Herner We investigate the likelihood of association between TeV-PeV energy neutrino alerts from the IceCube Collaboration and core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). We report results from triggered optical follow-up observations of three IceCube alerts (IC170922A, IC171106A, and IC181023A) with Blanco/DECam ($gri$ to 24th magnitude in $\sim6$ epochs). Using an automated pipeline to select CC SNe exploding in coincidence with neutrino alerts and a suite of simulated supernova light curves, we find that the DECam follow-up sequences are capable of significantly reducing background SNe contamination and creating a signal-dominated region for redshifts $z \leq 0.2$. For the alerts followed-up in this study, we find 5 objects that are likely CC SNe and spatially and temporally coincident with the neutrino alerts. A maximum likelihood analysis shows that we do not have the sensitivity to claim association between a single alert and a single optical candidate at a high confidence level, however, if CC SNe are the main source of TeV-PeV energy neutrinos, we find that $\sim50$ DECam follow-ups will be able to determine whether CC SNe contribute to the total TeV-PeV energy IceCube neutrino flux at the $4\sigma$ confidence level. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 11:57AM - 12:09PM |
Q09.00005: Measuring the Hubble constant with a gravitational wave black-hole merger and the Dark Energy Survey Antonella Palmese In this talk I will present the first measurement of the Hubble constant using a binary black hole gravitational wave detection from LIGO/Virgo (GW170814) and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) galaxy catalog. The DES collaboration has a dedicated effort to follow up gravitational wave events, and it led to the discovery of the kilonova associated to GW170817. Our team has also followed up GW170814, but we found no compelling evidence for an electromagnetic counterpart. In order to use GW170814 as a standard siren and measure the Hubble constant in the absence of a host galaxy redshift, we applied a statistical method that takes into account all the potential host galaxies observed with DES. The precision on the Hubble constant from a single event of this kind is close to 48% (68% confidence level), but we anticipate a multifold increase on the LIGO/Virgo event detection rate in the coming years. The synergy between gravitational wave detections with and without an associated electromagnetic counterpart, and large galaxy surveys will allow precision cosmology studies in the very near future. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 12:09PM - 12:21PM |
Q09.00006: Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Mission and new opportunities in time domain and multmessenger astrophysics Julie E McEnery The Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA space mission in study for launch in 2025. It has a 2.4 m telescope, wide-field IR instrument operating in the 0.48 - 2.0 micron range and an exoplanet imaging coronagraph instrument operating in the 400 - 1000 nm range. With a wide field of view of 0.28 sq deg, excellent sensitivity and infrared bandpass, WFIRST will provide unique opportunities in time domain and multimessenger astrophysics. In this presentation we will describe the capabilities and potential science return for WFIRST observations of infrared counterparts to gravitational wave and transient sources. |
Monday, April 15, 2019 12:21PM - 12:33PM |
Q09.00007: BurstCube: A CubeSat for Gravitational Wave Counterparts Alyson Joens, Jeremy S Perkins, Judith L Racusin, Michael S Briggs, Georgia A de Nolfo, Jacob R Smith, Regina M Caputo, Sean Griffin, John F Krizmanic, Julie E McEnery, Eric Burns, Peter Sven Shawhan, David Morris, Daniel Kocevski, Colleen Wilson-Hodge, Dieter Hartmann, Michelle Hui The first simultaneous detection of a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) with a gravitational-wave (GW) signal provided direct proof that binary neutron star mergers are a progenitor of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) and propelled astronomy into the multi-messenger era. In order to further study the connection between gravitational waves and sGRBs, and thus enable multi-messenger science, we must increase the number of sGRB-GW simultaneous detections. To accomplish this we require full sky coverage in the gamma-ray regime. BurstCube aims to expand sky coverage in order to detect and localize gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). BurstCube is comprised of 4 Cesium Iodide scintillators coupled to arrays of Silicon photo-multipliers on a 6U bus and is sensitive to gamma-rays between 50 keV and 1MeV, the ideal energy range for GRB prompt emission. BurstCube will complement current observatories, such as Swift and Fermi, in the detection of GRBs as well as provide astronomical context to gravitational wave events detected by LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. BurstCube is currently in its development phase with an expected launch date of ~2022. |
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