Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 6
Saturday–Tuesday, April 16–19, 2016; Salt Lake City, Utah
Session T1: Poster Session III (2:00pm - 5:00pm)Poster
|
Hide Abstracts |
Room: South Foyer |
|
T1.00001: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS |
|
T1.00002: Prebiotic Atmospheric Chemistry on Titan: Formation Kinetics via Ab Initio Calculations for Potential Energy Surface (PES) Mapping Dayana Gonzalez, Alexander Mebel It has been recently shown that Titan provides a unique perspective in our solar system: its atmosphere is comparable to a model of prebiotic Earth's. Provided the organic cationic and anionic molecular species identified by the Cassini spacecraft, this research characterizes reaction pathways for the reactions of methyl derivatives of the cyclopropenyl cation, the methyl cation with methyl- and dimethyl-acetylene, and reactions of resonance structures of protonated acrylonitrile with CH2NH. Isomerization and dissociation reactions involving methyl-cyclopropenyl cations, the perinaphthenyl cation and anion, and cations of pyrimidine and purine precursors of nucleobases will be examined to locate reaction pathways, intermediates, transition states, and products of the reactions. Gaussian '09 software is used for ab initio calculations to map out the PES. Geometry optimizations and vibrational frequency computations are preformed via the double-hybrid density functional B2PLYP-D3. Single-point energies are refined by use of the explicitly-correlated coupled-cluster CCSD(T)-F12 method. Rate constants are calculated using microcanonical RRKM theory, and pressure effects evaluated used the Master Equation approach; these allow for prediction of absolute rate constants and product branching ratios at different pressures and temperatures. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00003: Electric Potential Surrounding Two Conducting Spheres: An Exercise for Advancing Student Understanding of the Method of Relaxation Hugh Gallagher, Bridget Chartrand, John Beach In undergraduate computational physics courses, the method of relaxation provides a well-established technique for obtaining solutions to Laplace's Equation. The technique's value stems from its accessibility and clear dependence on the properties of solutions to Laplace's Equation. We have created an exercise that allows students to develop an experiential understanding of the method of images and its connection to the properties of solutions to Laplace's Equation. The problem of two conducting spheres separated by a relatively small distance and maintained at fixed but distinct electric potentials is considered. Using the method of relaxation, students solve the problem in two-dimensions, three-dimensions with a Dirichlet condition on the outer boundary and three-dimensions using a Neumann condition on the outer boundary. At each step, the results are compared to a solution obtained using the method of images for a spherical conductor in an iterative fashion. Through this comparison, students gain insight into the significance of their choices for the solving the problem using the method of relaxation. We will discuss application of the relaxation method to this problem, validation by the method of images, and potential use in an undergraduate computational physics course. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00004: ENERGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS |
|
T1.00005: Pressure Sensitive Acoustic Ring Resonance in Nuclear Fuel Rods John Dooley A four-antinode acoustic resonance that is sensitive to internal helium pressure has been observed in nuclear fuel cladding containing a helical plenum spring. Sound is generated by an external piezoelectric transducer pressed against the wall. Sound is detected by a similar transducer located 90 degrees away from the generator transducer. The resonance amplitude is characterized by its response to pressure (0-4atm), temperature (16C-27C) and molecular weight (He and Ar). The resonant frequency and the temperature dependence agree qualitatively with predictions made by assuming that the resonance is an acoustic version of the Sagnac interferometer. The resonance amplitude at 4 atm absolute is approximately 4 times the amplitude at 1 atm absolute. The pressure sensitivity could be useful for quality control of newly assembled nuclear fuel rods. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00006: BaTiO3/PVDF Nanocomposite Film with High Energy Storage Density Xiaohui Wang A gradated multilayer BaTiO$_{\mathrm{3}}$/poly(vinylidenefluoride) thin film structure is presented to achieve both a higher breakdown strength and a superior energy-storage capability. Key to the process is the sequential deposition of uniform dispersions of the single component source, which generate a blended PVDF-BTO-PVDF structure prior to full evaporation of solvent, and thermal treatment of the dielectric. The result is like sandwich structure with partial 0-3 character. The central layer designed to provide the high electric displacement, is composed of high volume fraction 6-10 nm BTO nanocrystals produced by a TEG-sol method. The outer layers of the structure are predominantly PVDF, with a significantly lower volume fraction of BTO, taking advantage of the higher dielectric strength for pure PVDF at the electrode-nanocomposite interface. The film is mechanically flexible, and can be removed from the substrate, with total thicknesses in the range 1.2 -- 1.5$\mu $m. Parallel plate capacitance devices improved dielectric performances, compared to reported values for BTO-PVDF 0-3 nanocomposites, with a maximal discharged energy density of 19.4J/cm$^{\mathrm{3}}$ and dielectric breakdown strengths of up to 495 kV/mm. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00007: NUCLEAR PHYSICS |
|
T1.00008: Celestial bodies macroscopic movement is due to the radiation han yongquan The star is radiate, also as the planet. In fact, all the real objects are radiate, but the strength of the radiation is different. Radiation will reduce the quality of the object, but time is not long enough to reduce the mass of the subject, so it is difficult for us to observe. Due to the large object lifecycle, to study the changing rule of the object, we must consider the radiation on the quality of the celestial bodies, and the outer space radiate particles' motion, also consider objects interact with objects of radiation. The reason Celestial bodies moves is that the radiation of those Celestial bodies Interact with each other, Celestial bodies macroscopic movement is due to the radiation. The earth's rotation and revolution is a measure of the survive ability. Author: hanyongquan TEL: 15611860790 [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00009: The next generation neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment nEXO Ryan MacLellan The nEXO Collaboration is designing a very large detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. The nEXO detector is rooted in the current EXO-200 program, which has reached a sensitivity for the half-life of the decay of $1.9\times10^{25}$y with an exposure of 100 kg-y. The baseline nEXO design assumes 5 tonnes of liquid xenon, enriched in the mass 136 isotope, within a time projection chamber. The detector is being designed to reach a half-life sensitivity of $>5\times10^{27}$y, covering the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, with 5 years of data. We present the nEXO detector design, the current status of R\&D efforts, and the physics case for the experiment. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00010: Anti-Reflective Coatings R\&D for Next Generation Neutrinoless Double Beta Experiments Alexander Leder The Cyogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a ton-scale cryogenic source=detector experiment designed to search for the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. CUORE currently utilizes a single phonon readout channel per crystal; adding a second channel for scintillation or Cherenkov light would improve particle identification for actively rejecting background events. This light would be collected via semiconductor wafers covered with anti-reflective coatings. These coatings maximize light absorption. In this talk, I will discuss the coating optimization regarding material and structure, and its implications for designing the next generation CUORE-style experiment. In addition, I will discuss projections for possible sensitivities of next generation 0$\nu\beta\beta$ searches that use dual channel light-phonon readouts. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00011: Level Structure Above the \textbf{\textit{T}}$\bf{_{1/2} = 2.0 \times 10^5}$ yr Isomer in $^{\bf{186}}$Re D. A. Matters, J. W. McClory, F. G. Kondev, M. P. Carpenter, J. J. Carroll, C. J. Chiara, G. J. Lane, T. Kib{\' e}di, E. Ideguchi, Y. Fang, H. Watanabe The level structure above the $K^{\pi}=(8^{+})$, 149-keV isomer in $^{186}$Re is largely undeveloped. The isomer could play a role in the $s$-process nucleosynthesis of $^{187}$Os and $^{187}$Re and affect the accuracy of the Re-Os cosmochronometer. An experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) at Osaka University, Japan, using the Clover Array Gamma-ray spectrometer at RCNP/RIBF for Advanced research (CAGRA) to measure $\gamma$-ray coincidences from $(d,2n)$ reactions on an enriched $^{186}$W target. The $\gamma - \gamma$ coincidence data obtained from the CAGRA array were analyzed along with data from a similar experiment performed in 2006 at the Australian National University. A preliminary analysis of the data reveals several new levels and transitions feeding the $^{186m}$Re isomer. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00012: The Volume Field Model about Strong Interaction and Weak Interaction Rongwu Liu For a long time researchers have believed that strong interaction and weak interaction are realized by exchanging intermediate particles. This article proposes a new mechanism as follows: Volume field is a form of material existence in plane space, it takes volume-changing motion in the form of non-continuous motion, volume fields have strong interaction or weak interaction between them by overlapping their volume fields. Based on these concepts, this article further proposes a “bag model” of volume field for atomic nucleus, which includes three sub-models of the complex structure of fundamental body (such as quark), the atom-like structure of hadron, and the molecule-like structure of atomic nucleus. This article also proposes a plane space model and formulates a physics model of volume field in the plane space, as well as a model of space-time conversion. The model of space-time conversion suggests that: Point space-time and plane space-time convert each other by means of merging and rupture respectively, the essence of space-time conversion is the mutual transformations of matter and energy respectively; the process of collision of high energy hadrons, the formation of black hole, and the Big Bang of universe are three kinds of space-time conversions. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00013: FEW-BODY SYSTEMS |
|
T1.00014: The Use of Plasma Vortexes in Creating Carbon Nanotubes Alexander Leith Carbon nanotubes have been created in a variety of ways such as arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Each of these techniques has been proven to produce carbon nanotubes in small quantities in a lab setting. This is the problem that we have been addressing. Over the course of 16 months, we have been working on a new method of carbon nanotube production that is based around fluid dynamics and plasma. We have created the basic components to test this new way to produce carbon nanotubes. This research will ideally provide a new avenue for carbon nanotube production. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00015: Applying a Trochoidal Electron Monochromator in Dissociative Electron Attachment Scattering Esmeralda Arreola Since the pioneering work of Boudiaffa et al. [1], it has been understood that electrons, even with energies near or below the ionization threshold, are capable of initiating strand-breaks in human DNA. This discovery raised important questions for cancer treatments, since sub-ionizing electrons are known to be the most copiously produced secondary product of radiation therapy. But even to date these factors are largely excluded from dosimetry calculations. This lack of inclusion is, at least in part, certainly due to the dearth of fundamental data describing low-energy electron interactions with nucleotide molecules that form the basis of DNA. Understanding of how such slow electrons are able to damage DNA remains incomplete, but the strongly peaked nature of Boudiaffa et al.'s data gives strong hints at resonantly driven collision processes. DNA damage is therefore most likely driven by ``dissociative electron attachment'' (DEA). DEA is a rather complicated process to model due to the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in the molecule. At the California State University Fullerton, we are currently commissioning a new spectrometer to study dissociation channels, reaction rates and orientation effects in DEA collisions between slow electrons and nucleotide molecules. At the meeting we will present design parameters and commissioning data for this new apparatus. -/abstract- [1] Boudiffa et al., Science, 8 [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00016: PARTICLES AND FIELDS |
|
T1.00017: The Physics Program at the International Linear Collider Jan Strube The precise exploration of all aspects of the Higgs sector is one of the key goals for future colliders at the Energy Frontier. The International Linear Collider (ILC) provides the capability for model-independent measurements of all relevant couplings of the Higgs boson to fermions and gauge bosons, including direct measurements of the Top Yukawa coupling as well as of the Higgs self-coupling. In addition, it has a discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model that is complementary to the LHC. This contribution will review the highlights of ILC physics in the context of a 20-year-long program. This program covers different collision energies up to 500 GeV with various beam polarizations, each contributing important aspects to the exploration of this new sector of particle physics. Beyond this initial scope of the ILC, we will also discuss the prospects of a 1 TeV upgrade, which offers complementary capabilities for the measurement of double Higgs production and the Higgs self-coupling and increases the reach of direct and indirect searches. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00018: Interpolating mass gap equation between the instant form and the front form of relativistic dynamics Colton Bradley, Chueng-Ryong Ji We present a mass gap equation linking between the instant form dynamics and the light-front dynamics by interpolating them together with an interpolation variable. We discuss a nucleon dressed in pion loops with the psudovector $\pi NN$ coupling and techniques in non-linear dynamics to achieve a numerical result. The equivalence of the light-front, equal-time and covariant formulations in meson-baryon interactions has been previously demonstrated. In particular, the self-energy of a nucleon dressed by pion loops has been discussed to show the universality of the leading nonanalytic behavior of the chiral dynamics consistent with QCD. In this poster, we take the previous self-energy calculation as the kernel of the integral equation and discuss the characteristic of the mass gap equation particularly in the limit of the light-front dynamics. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00019: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
|
T1.00020: Type of Spin Polarization Dependence of the Neutrino Mass and Charge Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov Owing to an intimate connection between nature of particles and their masses, any massive neutrino has the longitudinal as well as the transversal polarization. This does not imply of course that the same neutrino must be simultaneously both a longitudinal and a transversal fermion. It is not excluded, however, that the longitudinal polarized neutrinos in the field of emission can be converted into the transversal polarized ones and vice versa. Therefore, it is desirable to raise the question as to whether there exists any spin polarization type dependence of the neutrino mass, charge and behavior. We investigate, thus, the problem of the neutrino latent mass investigating its interaction with the field of an electroweak emission in the polarization type dependence. One of the most highlighted features of our formulas for the discussed process cross sections is an indication to the existence of fundamental differences in masses as well as in charges of longitudinal and transversal neutrinos. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00021: ABSTRACT MOVED TO K17.009 |
|
T1.00022: Exotic Meson Searches at CMS Suleyman Durgut Exotic meson spectroscopy searches at the LHC have yielded interesting results. The CMS collaboration announced a discovery in the $J/\psi\phi$ channel in 2014, and have extended their searches to more inclusive channels. Results with the full Run 1 dataset of $4.9\mathrm{\:fb}^{-1}$ at $7\mathrm{\:TeV}$ and $20.7\mathrm{\:fb}^{-1}$ at $8\mathrm{\:TeV}$ will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00023: An Axial-Vector Photon in a Mirror World Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov The unity of symmetry laws emphasizes, in the case of a mirror CP-even Dirac Lagrangian, the ideas of the left- and right-handed axial-vector photons referring to long- and short-lived bosons of true neutrality, respectively. Such a difference in lifetimes expresses the unidenticality of masses, energies and momenta of axial-vector photons of the different components. They define the unified field theory equation of C-odd particles with an integral spin. Together with a new equation of a theory of truly neutral particles with the half-integral spin, the latter reflects the availability in their nature of the second type of the local axial-vector gauge transformation responsible for origination in the Lagrangian of C-oddity of an interaction Newton component giving an axial-vector mass to all the interacting particles and fields. The mirror axial-vector mass, energy and momentum operators constitute a CP-invariant equation of quantum mechanics, confirming that each of them can individually influence on matter field. Thereby, findings suggest at the level of the mass-charge structure of gauge invariance a new equation for the C-noninvariant Lagrangian. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00024: Search for new phenomena using dimuon final states with ATLAS at LHC Yanlin Liu We present the searches for both resonant and non-resonant new phenomena in dimuon final states with the ATLAS experiment. The results shown in this talk will include data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 $fb^{-1}$ at 13 TeV. No new physics signature has been observed in data. The upper mass limits on the new gauge boson Z’ for dimuon channel are set at 95\% conference level at 2.98 TeV for the Sequential Standard Model, and at 2.71 TeV and 2.42 TeV for the $E_{6}$ model for $Z’_{\chi}$ and $Z’_{\psi}$, respectively. In addition, limits are set on the llqq contact interaction scale $\Lambda$ between 14.5 TeV and 20.2 TeV. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00025: Tracking the NOvA Detectors' Performance Fernanda Psihas The NOvA experiment measures long baseline $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}$ oscillations in Fermilab's NuMI beam. We employ two detectors equipped with over 10 thousand sets of data-taking electronics; avalanche photo diodes and front end boards which collect and process the scintillation signal from particle interactions within the detectors. These sets of electronics --as well as the systems which power and cool them-- must be monitored and maintained at precise working conditions to ensure maximal data-taking uptime, good data quality and a lasting life for our detectors. This poster describes the automated systems used on NOvA to simultaneously monitor our data quality, diagnose hardware issues, track our performance and coordinate maintenance for the detectors. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00026: Determining Data Quality for the NOvA Experiment Ryan Murphy NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with two liquid scintillator filled tracking calorimeter detectors separated by 809 km. The detectors are located 14.6 milliradians off-axis of Fermilab's NuMI beam. The NOvA experiment is designed to measure the rate of electron-neutrino appearance out of the almost-pure muon-neutrino NuMI beam, with the data measured at the Near Detector being used to accurately determine the expected rate of the Far Detector. It is therefore very important to have automated and accurate monitoring of the data recorded by the detectors so any hardware, DAQ or beam issues arising in the 0.3 million (20k) channels of the far (near) detector which could effect this extrapolation technique are identified and the affected data removed from the physics analysis data set. This poster will cover the techniques and efficiency of selecting good data, describing the selections placed on different data and hardware levels. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00027: Spin Polarization Type Dependence of the Neutrino Mass and Nature Bekhzad S. Yuldashev, Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov A massive neutrino must have either longitudinal or transversal polarization. This does not exclude of course from the discussion a sharp dependence between the mass of the Dirac neutrino and its spin nature [1]. Therefore, to express the idea more clearly and to generalize the expected connection to the case of truly neutral neutrinos, we investigate their interaction with the field of emission in the polarization type dependence. Analysis shows that between the studied processes with longitudinal and transversal polarized Majorana fermions there exist well defined relations. They satisfy the conditions, which follow from the fact that at the availability of a nonzero mass, the longitudinal neutrino can be converted into a transversal one and vice versa. Such a connection between the truly neutral neutrinos in the spin polarization type dependence may serve as an indication to the existence of fundamental differences both in nature and in masses of longitudinal and transversal neutrinos of Majorana. [1] R.S. Sharaiddinov, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 61(5), APR16-2015-000041 (2016). [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00028: The first evidence for M-theory: fractal nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing and CP violation Hui-Bin Qiu Finding the final theory that can describe everything in the universe is of great interests, which is closely relevant to neutrino oscillation, M-theory and CP violation. We propose an instructive possibility to generalize the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing ansatz, such that leptonic CP violation and the fractal feature of the universe can naturally be incorporated into the resultant scenario of fractal nearly tri-bimaximal flavor mixing. The consequences of this new ansatze on the latest experimental data of neutrino oscillations are analyzed. This theory perfectly matches the current experimental data, and surprisingly, we find that the existing neutrino oscillation experimental data is the first experimental evidence supporting one kind of high dimensional unified theories, such as M-theory. Furthermore, an interesting approach to construct lepton mass matrices in fractal universe under permutation symmetry is discussed. The proposed theory opens an unexpected window on the physics beyond the Standard Model. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00029: Unification of fundamental interactions Xiao-Fan Chen A unification theory of four fundamental forces is given. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00030: On The Origin Of Quantum Diffusion Coefficient And Quantum Potential Aseem Gupta Synchronizability of space and time experiences between different inhabitants of a spacetime is abstracted as a fundamental premise of Classical physics. Absence thereof i.e. desynchronization between space and time experiences of a system under study and the observer is then studied for a single dimension single particle system. Desynchronization fundamentally makes probability concepts enter physics ab-initio and not as secondary tools to deal with situations wherein incomplete information in situation following perfectly deterministic dynamics demands its introduction. Desynchronization model based on Poisson distribution of events vis-\`{a}-vis an observer, leads to expectation of particle's motion as a Brownian motion deriving Nelson's quantum diffusion coefficient naturally, without needing to postulate it. This model also incorporates physical effects akin to those of Bohm's Quantum Potential, again without needing any sub-quantum medium. Schrodinger's equation is shown to be derivable incorporating desynchronization only of space while Quantum Field Theory is shown to model desynchronization of time as well. Fundamental suggestion of the study is that it is desynchronization that is at the root of quantum phenomena rather than sub-micro scales of spacetime. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00031: Fractal Rings and Composite Elementary Particles (FRACEP): A Picture of Composite Standard Model Fundamental Particles Judith Giannini The object of this work was to study the feasibility of identifying a minimum set of fundamental particles that could be used to build up composite fermions and bosons that exhibit the same properties and behavior as the Standard Model (SM) fundamental particles. The spontaneous decay of most of the SM fermions suggests the possibility that they are composite in nature. The results of this arithmetically-based conceptual model identify a minimum set of only two fundamental particles (with equal and opposite mass) that combine in fractal-like configurations to form Intermediate Building Blocks (IMB). The IMBs then combine to form all of the SM fundamental particles and their anti-counterparts. These composite (bright universe) particles agree with the SM particles in mass, spin, electric charge, decay products and maximum classical radius (indicated by the scattering cross-section). Further, FRACEP identifies an equal set of dark universe particles, based primarily on its negative fundamental particle, which could represent the dark matter and energy understood to be the cause of the expansion of our (bright) universe. [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
|
T1.00032: An Integrated Higgs Force Theory Antonio Colella An Integrated Higgs force theory (IHFT) was based on 2 key requirement amplifications: a matter particle/Higgs force was one and inseparable; a matter particle/Higgs force bidirectionally condensed/evaporated from/to super force. These were basis of 5 theories: particle creation, baryogenesis, superpartner/quark decays, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and stellar black holes. Our universe's 129 matter/force particles contained 64 supersymmetric Higgs particles; 9 transient matter particles/Higgs forces decayed to 8 permanent matter particles/Higgs forces; mass was given to a matter particle by its Higgs force and gravitons; and sum of 8 Higgs force energies of 8 permanent matter particles was dark energy. An IHFT's essence is the intimate physical relationships between 8 theories. These theories are independent because physicists in one theory worked independently of physicists in the other seven. An IHFT's premise is without sacrificing their integrities, 8 independent existing theories are replaced by 8 interrelated amplified theories. Requirement amplifications provide interfaces between the 8 theories. Intimate relationships between 8 theories including the above 5 and string, Higgs forces, and Super Universe are described. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00033: A Guess about light quantum model han yongquan Photon is a ring, the diameter of the ring is the quantum fluctuated wave length. The linear movement of the ring, namely, the transmission of light, is reflected in the particle of light. A plurality of light quantum interactions or through a very narrow gap, the shape of quantum would temporarily be changed. The motion of photons to interference and diffraction phenomena occurs is determined by the structure of light quantum, the quantum ring radius and light quantum mass squared product is a constant. The smaller the light quantum ring radius is, the bigger the quality is, just consistent as the modern scientific experimental results, the energy of the purple is bigger than the red. This conclusion can be extrapolated to all of the electromagnetic wave. The shorter the photon wavelength is, the bigger the quality and density is , when the wavelength is less than 10$^{\mathrm{-15}}$ meters, it will convergence to atomic or subatomic composition material entity due to the gravity. In fact, the divergence and convergence of quantum is reversible, that is, the phenomenon of radiate "light" quantum occurs due to the energy exchange or other external energy. Author: hanyongquan TEL: 15611860790 [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00034: An Unbroken Axial-Vector Current Conservation Law Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov The mass, energy and momentum of the neutrino of a true flavor have an axial-vector nature. As a consequence, the left-handed truly neutral neutrino in an axial-vector field of emission can be converted into a right-handed one and vice versa. This predicts the unidenticality of masses, energies and momenta of neutrinos of the different components. Recognizing such a difference in masses, energies, momenta and accepting that the left-handed axial-vector neutrino and the right-handed antineutrino of true neutrality refer to long-lived C-odd leptons, and the right-handed truly neutral neutrino and the left-handed axial-vector antineutrino are of short-lived fermions of C-oddity, we would write a new CP-even Dirac equation taking into account the flavor symmetrical axial-vector mass, energy and momentum matrices. Their presence explains the spontaneous mirror symmetry violation, confirming that an axial-vector current conservation law has never violated. They reflect the availability of a mirror Minkowski space in which a neutrino is characterized by left as well as by right space-time coordinates. Therefore, it is not surprising that whatever the main purposes experiments about a quasielastic axial-vector mass say in favor of an axial-vector mirror Minkowski space-time. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00035: PRECISION MEASUREMENTS |
|
T1.00036: A new, high-precision measurement of the X-ray Cu K$\alpha$ spectrum Marcus H. Mendenhall, James P. Cline, Albert Henins, Lawrence T. Hudson, Csilla I. Szabo, Donald Windover One of the primary measurement issues addressed with NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for powder diffraction is that of line position. SRMs for this purpose are certified with respect to lattice parameter, traceable to the SI through precise measurement of the emission spectrum of the X-ray source. Therefore, accurate characterization of the emission spectrum is critical to a minimization of the error bounds on the certified parameters. The presently accepted sources for the SI traceable characterization of the Cu K$\alpha$ emission spectrum are those of H\"{a}rtwig, H\"{o}lzer \emph{et al.}, published in the 1990s. The structure of the X-ray emission lines of the Cu K$\alpha$ complex has been remeasured on a newly commissioned double-crystal instrument, with six-bounce Si (440) optics, in a manner directly traceable to the SI definition of the meter. In this measurement, the entire region from 8020 eV to 8100 eV has been covered with a highly precise angular scale and well-defined system efficiency, providing accurate wavelengths and relative intensities. This measurement is in modest disagreement with reference values for the wavelength of the K$\alpha_{1}$ line, and strong disagreement for the wavelength of the K$\alpha_{2}$ line. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00037: BEAM PHYSICS |
|
T1.00038: Pulse-to-pulse Diagnostics at High Reprate Bertram Green, Sergey Kovalev, Torsten Golz, Nikola Stojanovich, Alan Fisher, Tobias Kampfrath, Michael Gensch Femtosecond level diagnostic and control of sub-picosecond electron bunches is an important topic in modern accelerator research. At the same time new linear electron accelerators based on quasi-CW SRF technology will be the drivers of many future 4th Generation lightsources such as X-ray free electron lasers. A high duty cycle, high stability and online pulse to pulse diagnostic at these new accelerators are crucial ingredients to the success of these large scale facilities. A novel THz based online monitor concept is presented that has the potential to give access to pulse to pulse information on bunch form, arrival time and energy at high repetition rate and down to sub pC charges. We furthermore show experimentally that pulse to pulse arrival time measurements can be used to perform pump-probe experiments with a temporal resolution in the few-fs regime and an exceptional dynamic range. Our scheme has been tested at the superradiant test facility TELBE, but can be readily transferred to other SRF accelerator driven photon sources, such as X-FELs. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00039: Motility of magnetotactic bacteria/MTB to Geomagnetic fields Fatahillah Hidajatullah-Maksoed Bacteria with motility directed by a local geomagnetic fields have been observed in marine sediments'' discussed by R. Blakemore, 1975. Magnetotactic bacteria/MTB discovered in 1963 by Salvatore Bellini. For ``off-axis electron holography in the transmission electron microscope was used to correlates the physical {\&} magnetic microstructure of magnetite nanocrystals in magnetotactic bacteria'' sought ``single-domain magnetite in hemopelagic sediments'' from JF Stolz. Otherwise, for potential source of bioproducts- product meant from result to multiplier --of magnetotactic bacteria[ACV Araujo, \textit{et.al}, 2014 ] of marine drugs retrieved the `measurement of cellular chemotaxis with ECIS/Taxis, from KM Pietrosimone, 2012, whereas after ``earth magnetic field role on small living models'' are other interpretation of ``taxis'' as a movement of a cell instead usual ``tax'' for yew's taxus cuspidate, hired car {\&} taxes in financial realms. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00040: A Search for Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions of the Neutron using Neutron Spin Rotation Chris Haddock Many theories beyond the Standard Model lead at low energy to spin-dependent, weakly-coupled interactions of mesoscopic range. Laboratory constraints on such interactions are quite poor. We describe an experiment in progress at the LANSCE spallation neutron source at Los Alamos to search for exotic axial couplings of neutrons to matter from light vector boson exchange. The experiment makes use of a slow neutron polarimeter and a target with an oscillating mass density. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00041: Composition of the jet in gamma-ray bursts from dissipative photosphere models Peter Veres, Peter Meszaros, Michael Burgess We present a model for gamma-ray bursts where the usual non-thermal spectral peak at keV-MeV energies as routinely observed by Fermi GBM is ascribed to a dissipative photosphere. Thermal-like emission components, peaking at lower energies are also naturally incorporated in this model. We treat the initial acceleration of the jet in a general way, allowing for magnetic field- and baryon dominated outflows. In this model, the GeV emission associated with GRBs observed by Fermi LAT, arises as the interaction of photospheric radiation and the shocked electrons at the deceleration radius. Through recently discovered correlations between the thermal and non-thermal peaks within individual bursts, we are able to infer whether the jet was Poynting flux or baryon dominated. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00042: Investigation of Reacceleration on Cosmic Ray Yuxi Lu, Nicolas Picot-Clemente, Eun-Suk Seo Cosmic rays are high energy charged particles, originating from outer space, that travel at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth from all directions. One century after the discovery of cosmic rays, their origin and propagation processes remain obscure. GALPROP is a numerical code for calculating the propagation of relativistic charged particles and the diffuse emissions produced during their propagation in the Galaxy. I performed a preliminary study using two different propagation models with the GALPROP code in order to reproduce latest cosmic-ray nuclei measurements. I analyzed multiple propagation parameters for each model, studied their effect on cosmic-ray spectra, optimized and~tried a preliminary modification of the code to fit cosmic-ray data such as BESS-Polar, AMS, CREAM, etc. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00043: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
|
T1.00044: Cosmic variance in inflation with two light scalars Anne-Sylvie Deutsch, Béatrice Bonga, Suddhasattwa Brahma, Sarah Shandera We examine the squeezed limit of the bispectrum when a light scalar with arbitrary non-derivative self-interactions is coupled to the inflaton. We find that when the hidden sector scalar is sufficiently light ($m\lesssim0.25H$), the coupling between long and short wavelength modes from the series of higher order correlation functions (of arbitrary order) causes the statistics of the fluctuations to vary in sub-volumes. However, the local bispectrum induced by mode-coupling always has the same squeezed limit. This means that observations of primordial non-Gaussianity cannot be used to uniquely reconstruct the potential of the hidden field but can be used to determine its mass. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00045: Modeling the filtration ability of stockpiled filtering facepiece. Dana R. Rottach Filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) are often stockpiled for use during public health emergencies such as an infectious disease outbreak or pandemic. While many stockpile administrators are aware of shelf life limitations, environmental conditions can lead to premature degradation. Filtration performance of a set of FFR retrieved from a storage room with failed environmental controls was measured. Though within the expected shelf life, the filtration ability of several respirators was degraded, allowing twice the penetration of fresh samples. The traditional picture of small particle capture by fibrous filter media qualitatively separates the effect of inertial impaction, interception from the streamline, diffusion, settling, and electrostatic attraction. Most of these mechanisms depend upon stable conformational properties. However, common FFR rely on electrets to achieve their high performance, and over time heat and humidity can cause the electrostatic media to degrade. An extension of the Langevin model with correlations to classical filtration concepts will be presented. The new computational model will be used to predict the change in filter effectiveness as the filter media changes with time. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00046: Particle Acceleration Inside Thunderstorms and the Variation in Source Spectra of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes Eric Cramer, Joseph R. Dwyer, Michael S. Briggs, Hamid K. Rassoul One of the unresolved questions in the atmospheric sciences is the origin of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) [1]. These flashes are short but intense gamma ray bursts emanating from Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon has been observed by gamma ray detectors on orbiting satellites, e.g. NASA Fermi, intended to study astrophysical phenomena such as Gamma-ray Bursts. TGFs are thought to originate inside thunderstorms where electrons can be accelerated and emit radiation in the multi MeV range due to \textit{bremsstrahlung} interactions with air molecules. These so called ``runaway electrons'' are seeded from cosmic ray air showers hitting the Earth's atmosphere from (extra) galactic sources. In this work, we present a Monte Carlo model that simulates particle physics inside a thunderstorm region [2]. The subsequent transport of high energy gamma rays through the Earth's atmosphere and up to satellite orbit is also included. We show that by varying both the potential difference and the ambient electric field inside the thundercloud, different electron and photon energy distributions are produced. This effect may be detectable by orbiting spacecraft, and therefore serves as a method to remote sense the electric fields that exist inside thunderstorms. [1] Fishman, Gerald Jay, et al. "Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin." \textit{Science} 264.5163 (1994): 1313-1316. [2] Dwyer, Joseph R. "Relativistic breakdown in planetary atmospheres." \textit{Physics of Plasmas (1994-present)} 14.4 (2007): 042901. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00047: New extended standard model, dark matters and relativity theory Jae-Kwang Hwang Three-dimensional quantized space model is newly introduced as the extended standard model. Four three-dimensional quantized spaces with total 12 dimensions are used to explain the universes including ours. Electric (EC), lepton (LC) and color (CC) charges are defined to be the charges of the x1x2x3, x4x5x6 and x7x8x9 warped spaces, respectively. Then, the lepton is the xi(EC) - xj(LC) correlated state which makes 3x3 $=$ 9 leptons and the quark is the xi(EC) -- xj(LC) -- xk(CC) correlated state which makes 3x3x3 $=$ 27 quarks. The new three bastons with the xi(EC) state are proposed as the dark matters seen in the x1x2x3 space, too. The matter universe question, three generations of the leptons and quarks, dark matter and dark energy, hadronization, the big bang, quantum entanglement, quantum mechanics and general relativity are briefly discussed in terms of this new model. The details can be found in the article titled as ``journey into the universe; three-dimensional quantized spaces, elementary particles and quantum mechanics at \underline {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J\textunderscore Hwang2}''. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00048: Performance of UV-glass MaPMT with p-Terphenyl Wavelength Shifter Melanie Rehfuss, Sylvester Joosten, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Edward Kaczanowicz UV-glass PMTs are often the limiting factor in a Cherenkov detector because of their poor quantum efficiency (QE) below 300nm due to the UV-glass transparency. The application of a p-Terphenyl wavelength shifter to the face of these PMTs dramatically improves the QE for short wavelengths, rivaling that of a much more expensive quartz PMT. This is especially interesting in the context of multi-anode (Ma) PMTs, which are supremely suited for application in future open-environment Cherenkov detectors at very high luminosities due to their small size, lower sensitivity to magnetic fields, and high potential for advanced background rejection due to their pixelization. This will become critical at Jefferson Lab entering the 12 GeV era, as well as for a future electron-ion collider both providing a high luminosity. We will discuss the process of coating the PMTs through vacuum evaporation, and the performance testing taking place at Temple University for Hamamatsu model H12700A-03 multi-anode PMTs as well the background rejection schemes that will be devised using these MaPMTs. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00049: Estimating Long GRB Jet Opening Angles and Rest-Frame Energetics Adam Goldstein, Valerie Connaughton, Michael Briggs, Eric Burns We present a method to estimate the jet opening angles of long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) using the prompt gamma-ray energetics and a correlation between the time-integrated peak energy of the GRB prompt spectrum and the collimation-corrected energy in gamma rays. The derived jet opening angles using this method match well with the corresponding inferred jet opening angles obtained when a break in the afterglow is observed. Furthermore, using a model of the predicted long GRB redshift probability distribution observable by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), we estimate the probability distributions for the jet opening angle and rest-frame energetics for a large sample of GBM GRBs for which the redshifts have not been observed. Previous studies have only used a handful of GRBs to estimate these properties due to the paucity of observed afterglow jet breaks, spectroscopic redshifts, and comprehensive prompt gamma-ray observations, and we expand the number of GRBs that can be used in this analysis by more than an order of magnitude. We also present an inferred distribution of jet breaks which indicates that a large fraction of jet breaks are not observable with current instrumentation and observing strategies. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00050: Construction of a Magnetic Induction Antenna to Detect Schumann Resonances Trevr Fernald, Alexis Bowers, Raquel Cossel, Maxwell McIntyre, Dr. John Reid An antenna was designed and built to detect magnetic field changes in the form of Schumann resonances. This was done in hopes of eventually being able to correlate data with sprite occurrence. A square loop was constructed with one meter sides using 2x4s and was wrapped with six hundred turns of 0.2mm thick copper wire. The antenna was tested in a rural location in northern Pennsylvania, chosen for its isolation and expectations of low electrical noise. Detected signals were filtered using a band-pass filter and observed using an oscilloscope. The signal had too much interference to make it possible to see any unmistakably Schumann character, but a Fourier Transform function made it possible to see the contribution of each component frequency to the overall interference. This function revealed possible presence of Schumann character in the signal, indicating mostly 2nd and 3rd mode Schumann frequencies. The fundamental mode may have been observed as well, but was less consistent and pronounced than the other frequencies. The performance of the filter was somewhat questionable and electrical noise was evident, so further experimentation is necessary. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00051: Results and Outlook of The Aluminum Capture Experiment (AlCap) John R. Quirk, James Miller Observation of neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in the presence of a nucleus would be unambiguous evidence of physics Beyond the Standard Model. Two experiments, COMET at J-PARC and Mu2e at Fermilab, will search for this process in the coming decade. Barring discovery, these experiments will provide upper-limits on this branching ratio up to 10,000 times better than previously published. COMET/Mu2e developed a joint venture, the AlCap Experiment, to measure particle emission spectra from muonic interactions in a number of materials. As a major source of background hits in COMET/Mu2e detectors, AlCap sought to measure the charged particle and neutron spectra following nuclear capture on the candidate target materials aluminum and titanium. Additionally, COMET/Mu2e are exploring normalization schemes via AlCap's measurement of the photon spectra following both atomic and nuclear capture. Over the course of 2013 and 2015, AlCap performed three runs at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland. The first acquired preliminary data for all spectra, the second run collected only neutron and photon data, and the third primarily charged particle data. Preliminary analyses of the first two runs, already impactful for COMET/Mu2e, is presented along with a summary of the third. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00052: Atomic magnetometer-based ultra-sensitive magnetic microscopy Young Jin Kim, Igor Savukov An atomic magnetometer (AM) based on lasers and alkali-metal vapor cells is currently the most sensitive non-cryogenic magnetic-field sensor. Many applications in neuroscience and other fields require high resolution, high sensitivity magnetic microscopic measurements. In order to meet this need we combined a cm-size spin-exchange relaxation-free AM with a flux guide (FG) to produce an ultra-sensitive FG-AM magnetic microscope. The FG serves to transmit the target magnetic flux to the AM thus enhancing both the sensitivity and resolution for tiny magnetic objects. In this talk, we will describe a prototype FG-AM device and present experimental and numerical tests of its sensitivity and resolution. We also demonstrate that an optimized FG-AM achieves high resolution and high sensitivity sufficient to detect a magnetic field of a single neuron in a few seconds, which would be an important milestone in neuroscience. We anticipate that this unique device can be applied to the detection of a single neuron, the detection of magnetic nano-particles, which in turn are very important for detection of target molecules in national security and medical diagnostics, and non-destructive testing. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00053: Missing Transverse Momentum Trigger Performance Studies for the ATLAS Calorimeter Trigger Upgrades Brianna Stamas, Elliot Parrish, Luc Lisi, Christopher Dudley, Stephanie Majewski The ATLAS Experiment is one of two general purpose detectors at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In anticipation of discovering new physics, the detector will undergo numerous hardware upgrades including improvements to the Liquid Argon Calorimeter trigger electronics. For the upgrade, one component of the Level-1 trigger system will be the global feature extractor, gFEX, which will house three field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Specifically, in order to improve the missing transverse energy (E$_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$) trigger, an adapted topological clustering algorithm is being investigated for implementation on the FPGAs for reconstruction of proton-proton interactions in the ATLAS detector. Using simulated data, this study analyzes the performance of the adapted algorithm in software. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00054: The Development of FPGA-Based Pseudo-Iterative Clustering Algorithms Elizabeth Drueke, Wade Fisher, Pawel Plucinski The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland, is set to undergo major upgrades in 2025 in the form of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In particular, several hardware upgrades are proposed to the ATLAS detector, one of the two general purpose detectors. These hardware upgrades include, but are not limited to, a new hardware-level clustering algorithm, to be performed by a field programmable gate array, or FPGA. In this study, we develop that clustering algorithm and compare the output to a Python-implemented topoclustering algorithm developed at the University of Oregon. Here, we present the agreement between the FPGA output and expected output, with particular attention to the time required by the FPGA to complete the algorithm and other limitations set by the FPGA itself. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00055: Multipartite Entanglement And Firewalls Shengqiao Luo, Henry Stoltenberg, Andreas Albrecht Black holes offer an exciting area to explore the nature of quantum gravity. The classic work on Hawking radiation indicates that black holes should decay via quantum effects, but our ideas about how this might work at a technical level are incomplete. Recently Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully AMPS have noted an apparent paradox in reconciling fundamental properties of quantum mechanics with standard beliefs about black holes. One way to resolve the paradox is to postulate the existence of a ``firewall'' inside the black hole horizon which prevents objects from falling smoothly toward the singularity. A fundamental limitation on the behavior of quantum entanglement known as ``monogamy'' plays a key role in the AMPS argument. Our goal is to study and apply many-body entanglement theory to consider the entanglement among different parts of Hawking radiation and black holes. We identified an example which could change the AMPS accounting of quantum entanglement and perhaps eliminating the need for a firewall. Looking at different many body entanglement measures and their monogamy properties can tell us subtle ways in which different subsystems can share their entanglement. Specific measures we consider include negativity, concurrence, and mutual information. Taking insights from these different measures, we constructed toy models for black hole decay which have different entanglement behaviors than those assumed by AMPS. We hope to use our effective toy model to demonstrate interesting new ways of thinking about black holes. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00056: Period Evolution of Double White Dwarf Binaries Under the Influence of Gravitational Wave Emissions Kylee Martens, Matt Benacquista, Chris Belczynski Compact objects, such as Double White Dwarf (DWD) binaries, are the most populous producers of gravitational waves (GW) at low frequencies. The gravitational radiation (GR) emitted from the Galactic DWD binary population will create an unresolvable signal known as the confusion noise-limit (CNL) in the space-based evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA). It is predicted that many thousand DWD binary signals will rise above the CNL and create resolvable GW signals. In previous work, Heather Johnson, from the University of Texas-Austin, produced $\sim$61 million DWD systems using the binary population features in the StarTrack population synthesis code created by Chris Belczynski. We have created an evolutionary code that continues the period evolution of the DWD binaries under the effects of GR. Our present model only accounts for detached binary systems, but we are working on incorporating more features. Current period evolution models often extrapolate data based on smaller binary populations, however our model will utilize $\sim$61 million binary systems in order to avoid inaccuracies.We then use two standard cylindrical density distributions to populate a galaxy with the evolved systems. We also discuss correlations between the progenitor binaries and the eLISA sources. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00057: SUSY all hadronic stop search at 13TeV Hua Wei A search for the direct production of supersymmetric scalar top-quark pairs, which decay directly to stable neutralinos and top-quarks which subsequently decay to an all-hadronic final state, is described. The results are based on 2.1fb-1 of 2015 13TeV run2 pp collision data. Sensitivity to the potential signal, over a range of scalar-top and neutralino masses, is obtained by explicitly identifying large missing momentum, MT2, bottom quark and the presence of all-hadronic topquark decays using a top-quark tagger. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00058: Short and long term flux variability of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 2200+420, in the MeV - GeV range Mahesh Herath, Anushka Abeysekara, Chandana Jayaratne Blazars are a class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) that exhibit variable flux states across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to TeV. Current measurements show that the MeV-GeV flux of a Blazar could have a variability time scale as small as few hours or as long as several months. In this talk I will report the MeV-GeV flux variability patterns of the BL Lacertae object (1ES 2200+420). The data has been obtained from the Fermi-LAT archival database, and analysed using the recently released Pass 8 Fermi Science Tools. The cross correlations between MeV-GeV flux and KeV flux observed by Swift-XRT will also be reported, which is an important measurement to constraint the Synchrotron models. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00059: Particle and Wave Behavior around a Black Hole Pierced by a Cosmic String Donal Hanlon, Deborah Konkowski String theory admits the existence of cosmic strings. Here we consider a Schwarzschild black hole pierced by a cosmic string. The behavior of massive and massless particles and scalar waves are analyzed; that is, timelike and null geodesics are considered and the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation is solved. In the equatorial plane of the black hole (perpendicular to the cosmic string) light bending and perihelion precession are calculated. The singularity structure of the spacetime is analyzed. [Preview Abstract] |
|
T1.00060: The Chemical Composition of Planet-Harboring Stars in M67 Parker H Holzer, Inese Ivans, Jessica Galbraith-Frew, Tim Anderton At the forefront of observational astronomy is the search for, and an understanding about the nature of, stars containing planetary companions. To contribute to this search, we have studied stars in the open cluster Messier 67 (M67), a cluster known to have many stars very comparable to the Sun. At least four dwarf stars in this cluster have shown evidence in previous studies to contain planets. We studied these, as well as about thirty four other F-dwarf stars in M67, by using high signal-to-noise infrared stellar spectra from APOGEE (Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment; a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey). Because stars in an open cluster are born from the same material and approximately at the same time, they are in general expected to all have very similar chemical compositions. However, after using spectral synthesis to derive the temperature, gravitational acceleration at the surface, and overall chemical enrichment of the stars in our sample, we have shown that the chemical composition of stars in the cluster is not homogeneous, but instead exhibits a spread. Further, we have shown that this spread may possibly be due to the presence of planet-harboring stars. Our findings suggest that planet-harboring stars are richer in refractory elements and poorer in volatile elements, giving a deeper understanding of the environments in which planets are likely to form. [Preview Abstract] |
Follow Us |
Engage
Become an APS Member |
My APS
Renew Membership |
Information for |
About APSThe American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. |
© 2024 American Physical Society
| All rights reserved | Terms of Use
| Contact Us
Headquarters
1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3844
(301) 209-3200
Editorial Office
100 Motor Pkwy, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788
(631) 591-4000
Office of Public Affairs
529 14th St NW, Suite 1050, Washington, D.C. 20045-2001
(202) 662-8700