Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2014
Volume 59, Number 5
Saturday–Tuesday, April 5–8, 2014; Savannah, Georgia
Session X13: Formal Theory |
Hide Abstracts |
Sponsoring Units: GPMFC DPF Chair: Nicholas Hadley, University of Maryland Room: 101 |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 10:45AM - 10:57AM |
X13.00001: Knot physics, spacetime in co-dimension 2 Clifford Ellgen Attempts to describe particles as topological phenomena go back at least as far as Kelvin's conjecture that atoms are knots in the ether. A modern parallel is to ask whether the spacetime manifold of general relativity can be knotted and what properties those knots might have. However, if the manifold is everywhere Lorentzian, then a change of the topology of a spacelike slice of spacetime requires violation of causality. A consistent model emerges if we assume that the spacetime manifold is a 4-dimensional manifold embedded in a 6-dimensional Minkowski space and that each spacelike slice of the manifold has finite energy. A finite energy embedding allows the metric on the manifold to be degenerate on a set of measure zero, therefore the manifold may not be everywhere Lorentzian, which allows for certain types of topology change. An n-dimensional manifold embedded in an n+2-dimensional space can be knotted. We show that the possible knots on the spacetime manifold have properties corresponding to the known elementary particles. If we include the electromagnetic potential then we can use a simple Lagrangian to describe all of the forces including gravity. A simple extension of the assumptions produces quantum field theory. [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
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X13.00002: A six-dimensional Jordan model for electroweak interactions Aldo Mart\'Inez Merino, Octavio Obregon We present a model for the electroweak interactions based on the commutative but non-associative exceptional Jordan algebra of Hermitian matrices valued on the octonions. By this means, we propose a construction of a gauge theory which take values in this algebra. Following closely the six-dimensional model proposed by D. Fairlie years ago and using a supergroup, we found a natural structure that provides the weak interaction action with some additional terms; we will briefly comment on their possible meaning. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 11:09AM - 11:21AM |
X13.00003: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 11:21AM - 11:33AM |
X13.00004: Using Clifford Algebra to Understand the Nature of Negative Pressure Waves Gene McClellan The geometric algebra of 3-D Euclidean space, a sub-discipline of Clifford algebra, is a useful tool for analyzing wave propagation. We use geometric algebra to explore the concept of negative pressure. In free space a straightforward extension of Maxwell's equations using geometric algebra yields a theory in which classical electromagnetic waves coexist with nonelectromagnetic waves having retrograde momentum. By retrograde momentum we mean waves carrying momentum pointing in the opposite direction of energy flow. If such waves exist, they would have negative pressure. In rebounding from a wall, they would pull rather than push. In this presentation we use standard methods of analyzing energy and momentum conservation and their flow through the surface of an enclosed volume to illustrate the properties of both the electromagnetic and nonelectromagnetic solutions of the extended Maxwell equations. The nonelectromagnetic waves consist of coupled scalar and electric waves and coupled magnetic and pseudoscalar waves. They superimpose linearly with electromagnetic waves. We show that the nonelectromagnetic waves, besides having negative pressure, propagate with the speed of light and do not interact with conserved electric currents. Hence, they have three properties in common with dark energy. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 11:33AM - 11:45AM |
X13.00005: Meson Spectra from a Three-Field Model of AdS/QCD Sean Bartz, Joseph Kapusta The Anti-de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence may offer new and useful insights into the non-perturbative regime of strongly coupled gauge theories such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We present an AdS/CFT-inspired model that describes the spectra of light mesons. The conformal symmetry is broken by a background dilaton field, and chiral symmetry breaking and linear confinement are described by a chiral condensate field. These background fields, along with a background glueball condensate field, are derived from a potential. We describe the construction of the potential, and the calculation of the meson spectra, which match experimental data well. We also argue that the presence of the third background field is necessary to properly describe the meson spectra. The outlook for application of this model to finite temperature systems is also discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 11:45AM - 11:57AM |
X13.00006: Generalized entanglement entropy and the Ryu-Takayanagi proposal Octavio Obreg\'on Non-equilibrium systems with a long-term stationary state that possess as a spatio-temporally fluctuating quality $\beta$ can be described by a superposition of several statistics, ``superstatistics'' [1]. Recently [2,3] we have proposed entropy(ies) that depend only on the probability distribution $p_l$ and which expansion has as a first term the Shannon-entropy. We find the corresponding generalization of the von-Neumann entropy and calculate it for the model considered by Ryu and Takayangi. This results in $S=e^E (1-e^{-\frac{E}{e^E}}) \sim E-\frac{E^2}{2e^E} + ... (1)$, where $E=\frac{c}{3} \cdot {\rm log} \left( \frac{L}{\pi a} {\rm sin} \left( \frac{\pi l}{L} \right) \right),$ is the usual (2D CFT) entanglement entropy. In this set up the proposed ``area law'' $S_A=\frac{{\rm Area ~ of} ~ \gamma A}{4G^{(d+2)}_{N}}$ would need to be modified in order to have agreement with the entropy Eq.(1). It is beyond the scope of this abstract to suggest an expression for $S_{A-modified}$ and its implications for a modified theory of gravity. \\[4pt] [1] C. Beck and E.G.D. Cohen, Phys. A 322 (2003) 267.\\[0pt] [2] O. Obregon, Entropy 12(2010) 2067.\\[0pt] [3] O. Obregon and A. Gil-Villegas. Phys. Rev. E 88 (2013) 062146. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 11:57AM - 12:09PM |
X13.00007: Towards Scaling Relations in Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Gravity John Westernacher-Schneider, Luis Lehner Turbulence is ubiquitous in hydrodynamics, and its study is dominated by statistical methods and dimensional arguments. Even so, analytic results tend to rely heavily on statistical symmetries. I will discuss some such results in non-relativistic turbulence, and possible extensions to the relativistic case. The 2+1 dimensionality of our setup allows for gaining insight about 3+1 gravity through the fluid/gravity duality. This work aims to further our understanding of the fluid side in its own right. This partly entails determining the robustness of some recently derived relativistic hydrodynamic scaling relations, which may have holographic applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 12:09PM - 12:21PM |
X13.00008: The Yang-Mills Mass Gap Solution Jay R. Yablon The Yang-Mills Mass Gap problem is solved by deriving SU(3)$_{\mathrm{C}}$ Chromodynamics as a corollary theory from Yang-Mills gauge theory. The mass gap is filled from finite non-zero eigenvalues of a configuration space inverse perturbation tensor containing vacuum excitations. This results from carefully developing six equivalent views of Yang-Mills gauge theory as having: 1) non-commuting (non-Abelian) gauge fields; 2) gauge fields with non-linear self-interactions; 3) a ``steroidal'' minimal coupling; 4) perturbations; 5) curvature in the gauge space of connections; and 6) gauge fields related to source currents through an infinite recursive nesting. Based on combining classical Yang-Mills electric and magnetic source field equations into a single equation, confinement results from showing how magnetic monopoles of Yang-Mills gauge theory exhibit color confinement and meson flow and have all the color symmetries of baryons, from which we conclude that they are one and the same as baryons. Chiral symmetry breaking results from the recursive behavior of these monopoles coupled with viewing Dirac's gamma matrices as Hamiltonian quaternions extended into spacetime. Finally, with aid from the ``steroidal'' view, the recursive view of Yang-Mills enables polynomial gauge field terms in the Yang-Mills action to be stripped out and replaced by polynomial source current terms prior to path integration. This enables an exact analytical calculation of a non-linear path integral using a closed recursive kernel and yields a non-linear quantum amplitude also with a closed recursive kernel, thus proving the existence of a non-trivial relativistic quantum Yang--Mills field theory on R$^{\mathrm{4}}$ for any simple gauge group G. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 8, 2014 12:21PM - 12:33PM |
X13.00009: An Integrated Theory of Everything (TOE) Antonio Colella An Integrated TOE unifies all known physical phenomena from the Planck cube to the Super Universe (multiverse). Each matter/force particle is represented by a Planck cube string. Any Super Universe object is a volume of contiguous Planck cubes. Super force Planck cube string singularities existed at the start of all universes. An Integrated TOE foundations are twenty independent existing theories and without sacrificing their integrities, are replaced by twenty interrelated amplified theories. Amplifications of Higgs force theory are key to an Integrated TOE and include: 64 supersymmetric Higgs particles; super force condensations to 17 matter particles/associated Higgs forces; spontaneous symmetry breaking is bidirectional; and the sum of 8 permanent Higgs force energies is dark energy. Stellar black hole theory was amplified to include a quark star (matter) with mass, volume, near zero temperature, and maximum entropy. A black hole (energy) has energy, minimal volume (singularity), near infinite temperature, and minimum entropy. Our precursor universe's super supermassive quark star (matter) evaporated to a super supermassive black hole (energy). This transferred total conserved energy/mass and transformed entropy from maximum to minimum. [Preview Abstract] |
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