Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2013
Volume 58, Number 4
Saturday–Tuesday, April 13–16, 2013; Denver, Colorado
Session T2: Invited Session: DPF Prize Session II |
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Sponsoring Units: DPF Chair: Jon Rosner, University of Chicago Room: Plaza D |
Monday, April 15, 2013 3:30PM - 4:06PM |
T2.00001: J. J. Sakurai Prize: Astrophysics, Cosmology and PQ Symmetry--Linking the Very Small and the Very Large Invited Speaker: Helen Quinn The symmetry between the laws of physics for matter and those for antimatter (technically known as CP symmetry) is broken in the weak interaction but maintained to a high level of precision in the strong interaction. In the context of the Standard Model theory of particles and their interactions this is a puzzle --what protects the strong interaction from being more ``infected'' by the lack of a symmetry of the weak interaction? I will review the history of the idea we had to solve this puzzle, its consequences, and its evolution into the versions still viable today. Our answer to this puzzle, adding a further symmetry now known as PQ symmetry, arose from thinking about the effects of quark-Higgs couplings as in the early Universe, in the phase transition that gives quarks their masses. Not only did this modification of the Standard Model arise from cosmological thinking, it turns out to have possible cosmological consequences in the form of a light, weakly-coupled particle known as the axion, a possible dark matter candidate. Furthermore astrophysical constraints on such a particle have played a role in the subsequent evolution of theories with PQ symmetry. I will review the early history of this fascinating linkage of large scale and small scale physics, leaving later developments for my collaborator and co-recipient of this prize, Roberto Peccei, to talk about. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 15, 2013 4:06PM - 4:42PM |
T2.00002: J. J. Sakurai Prize: Axions: Expectations and Prospects Invited Speaker: Roberto Peccei I review some of the expected properties of axions in, so-called, invisible axion models and discuss some of the ongoing experimental efforts to observe their signal. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 15, 2013 4:42PM - 5:18PM |
T2.00003: Henry Primakoff Award Talk: Tests of Lorentz and CPT violation with neutrinos Invited Speaker: Teppei Katori Lorentz violation is a predicted phenomenon from the Planck scale physics. Although the three active massive neutrino framework with the Standard Model (SM), so-called the neutrino Standard Model ($\nu$SM), is successful, series of signals not understood within the $\nu$SM suggest neutrino physics may be the first place to see the physics beyond the SM, such as Lorentz violation. Especially, neutrino oscillations are the natural interferometer and they are sensitive to the Lorentz violation with comparable sensitivity with precise optical experiments. The LSND oscillation signal was analyzed under the Standard Model Extension (SME) framework, and it was found that the oscillation data was consistent with no Lorentz violation, but data cannot reject Lorentz violation hypothesis with order $\sim10^{-17}$. By assuming LSND signal was due to the Lorentz violation, a global phenomenological model was made to describe all known oscillation data including the LSND signal. The model also predicted the signal for MiniBooNE at the low energy region. Later, MiniBooNE announced an event excess at the low energy region. However, the oscillation candidate signals from MiniBooNE were consistent with no Lorentz violation. The limit obtained by MiniBooNE and MINOS on the $e-\mu$ sector reject the simple scenario to explain LSND signal with Lorentz violation. Meantime, MINOS and IceCube set tight limits on the $\mu-\tau$ sector Lorentz violation. The last untested channel, the $e-\tau$ Lorentz violating mixing, was tested using reactor disappearance data from Double Chooz. However, Double Chooz data was consistent with flat, and sidereal time dependent Lorentz violation hypothesis is rejected. Combinations of all oscillation data from LSND, MiniBooNE, MINOS, IceCube, and Double Chooz provide very tight constraint for a possible Lorentz violation in the neutrino sector in terrestrial level. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 15, 2013 5:18PM - 5:54PM |
T2.00004: LeRoy Apker Award Talk: Applying the Standard-Model Extension to hydrogen Invited Speaker: Theodore Yoder Theoretical generalizations of the standard model serve to guide experiments toward potential observations of non-standard phenomena. The standard model extension (SME), for instance, generalizes the standard model to incorporate Lorentz and CPT violation through additional terms in the SME Lagrangian, each controlled in strength by an SME parameter. I will discuss the corrections that the SME makes to the spectrum of free hydrogen, calculated completely to order SME$\cdot\alpha^2$ for the first time. This reveals exactly what combinations of SME parameters may be detected through measurement of hydrogen transitions. Of particular interest is the 2S--1S transition, whose first nonzero correction appears at order SME$\cdot\alpha^2$. The calculation is motivated by the extensive study, both theoretical and experimental, of hydrogen as an exemplary quantum system. Additionally, precision experiments on hydrogen provide some of the best chances of detecting any minute violations of the Lorentz and CPT symmetries in the universe. [Preview Abstract] |
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