Hot Young Solution to Faint Sun and Supernova Problems

Results from three independent experiments involving the speed of light are presented. Luminosity of Type Ia supernovae depend upon constant fundamental parameters. Accurate measurements of c provide a valuable check on ``dark energy'' theories. One Theory states that scale R of Space/Time is related to age t by R = ct. Gravitation then requires that GM=tc$^3$. These expressions provide a simple solution to Einstein-Friedmann equations with k=0. Predicted change in c provides a close fit to observations of Type Ia supernova redshifts. The ``Faint Young Sun'' has been a paradox of astrophysics. According to standard models, when Earth was forming solar luminosity was only 75\% of today's value. Geology and the fossil record contradict this prediction. Because the Sun turns fuel to energy according to E=mc$^2$, change in c precisely accounts for the difference. If c had not changed in the amounts predicted, life would not have evolved on Earth. The Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment from 1969 measures the Moon's recession at 3.82 cm/yr, anomalously high. Geological evidence states that average recession is only 2.9 cm/yr. Change in c precisely accounts for the anomaly, indicating that c changes to this day. Corroborating evidence from three truly independent experiments distinguishes Theory from other DE models. Since M = R = t (Planck Units) leads to predictions not epicycles, Theory should be considered as an alternative to more cumbersome ideas.