Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2006 APS April Meeting
Saturday–Tuesday, April 22–25, 2006; Dallas, TX
Session J7: Astroparticle Physics II |
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Sponsoring Units: DAP Chair: Martin Pohl, Iowa State University Room: Hyatt Regency Dallas Pegasus A |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
J7.00001: Ultrarelativistic Magnetic Monopole Flux Constraints from RICE Daniel Hogan The Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE) is a radio array buried in the Antarctic ice. A Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to model the behavior of an ultrarelativistic magnetic monopole propagating through the ice and RICE's response. With this, we've determined RICE's effective volume for detecting these particles as a function of monopole mass, charge, and gamma-value. As previously reported, RICE failed to detect an in-ice high-energy Cherenkov radiation signal consistent with a relativistic magnetic monopole over roughly two years of livetime. From this null result and the effective volume calculation, we can extrapolate upper bounds on ultrarelativistic magnetic monopole flux. Provisional values are presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
J7.00002: Pair production with neutrinos in an intense, background magnetic field Todd Tinsley We present a detailed calculation of the electron-positron production rate for the process $\nu \to \nu e \bar{e}$ in an intense, homogenous, background magnetic field. We compute rates for all neutrino flavors and within the framework of the Standard Model. Such an interaction could be relevant in astrophysical phenomena where neutrinos play a dominant role in energy transport and there exist large magnetic fields. Our presentation includes results for various combinations of Landau-levels over a range of possible incoming neutrino energies and relevant magnetic field strengths. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
J7.00003: Astrophysical Searches for Lorentz Violation Matthew Mewes, Alan Kostelecky Observations of photons from cosmologically distant objects yield some of the most stringent constraints on deviations from perfect Lorentz symmetry in nature. General violations of Lorentz invariance are described by the Standard-Model Extension, which predicts birefringence of light in vacuo. This talk will discuss results of recent searches for birefringence in light that has propagated over cosmological distances. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
J7.00004: Dispersive Extinction Theory of Cosmic Red Shift -- An Alternative to the Big Bang Theory Ling Jun Wang A dispersive extinction theory is presented to explain the cosmic red shift and the 2.7 K background radiation as an alternative to the currently prevailing Doppler shift theory and the Big Bang Theory. According to this theory, the cosmic red shift and the 2.7 K background radiation are due to the dispersive scattering and absorption of star light by the space medium. An estimate of the non-linear absorption constant is given by comparing the result to the Hubble constant derived from the observational data. An experimental method is designed to test the validity of the dispersive extinction theory as opposed to the Doppler shift theory. Keywords: red shift, Doppler shift, Big Bang Theory, dispersive extinction theory. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
J7.00005: A Newtonian Solution to the Missing Matter Problem Gary Hunter, Alan Martinez, James Espinosa Over fifty years ago, Fritz Zwicky made the discovery that galaxies contain insufficient matter to explain their flat velocity curves. The standard solution to this problem has been the introduction of dark matter. For over thirty years, scientists have searched for this missing matter under many different forms such as MACHOs and WIMPs. Twenty years ago, Milgrom modified Newton's second law to account for these flat velocity curves and more recently, Cooperstock and Tieu have applied General Relativity to galactic rotation and produced flat rotation curves. We have developed a modified Newtonian Law of Gravity, which has accounted for the results of the three classic tests of General Relativity, and have applied it to galactic rotation. Our results agree with observations and eliminate the need for dark matter. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 2:15PM - 2:27PM |
J7.00006: The St.- Petersburg State University Experiment that discovered the Photon Acceleration Effect Konstantin Gridnev, Russell Moon, Victor Vasiliev Using the principles of the Vortex Theory, it was theorized that when a photon encounters an electromagnetic field, both the velocity and the frequency of the photon will change. To prove this revolutionary idea an experiment was devised using a laser interferometer and two electromagnets. The electromagnets were arranged so that when the beam splitter divided the initial beam of laser light into two secondary beams; one of the two secondary beams passed back and forth between the two magnets. With the DC current to the electromagnets turned off, the two beams formed an interference pattern on the target screen. When the current to the electromagnets was suddenly turned on, the pattern fluctuated wildly until the two beams again reached a quiescent state creating a stable pattern on the screen; when the current to the electromagnets was suddenly turned off, again the pattern fluctuated wildly until it reached a quiescent state forming the initial stable pattern on the screen. It was determined that this new effect was a phenomenon created by the changing frequency of the laser light whose velocity is increasing as it passes between the expanding electromagnetic field of the magnets. Because it is a new phenomenon in science revealing that the speed of light is not a constant but indeed can be varied, it possesses great historical significance. It is called the Photon Acceleration Effect. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 2:27PM - 2:39PM |
J7.00007: Thermalization Tendency of ElectroMagnetic Radiation in Transit Through AstroPhysical Mediums C.F. Gallo As ElectroMagnetic Radiation from a hot source transits through a cooler interacting medium, the following are demonstrated from thermodynamic arguments. (1) The ``hot'' radiation always loses some energy to the cooler interacting medium. (2) Detailed behavior depends upon the microscopic nature of the interacting medium. (3) A Redshift will occur, but not necessarily imitate the wavelength dependence of the Doppler Redshift. (4) A Doppler-type redshift will occur only if the interaction cross-section is directly proportional to the photon energy. (5) The loss of radiative energy to the intergalactic medium will contribute to the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. The following characteristics depend upon the detailed nature of the interacting medium. (1) The photon energy loss per collision. (2) The magnitude (cross-sections) of the thermalization process. (3) The energy dependence of the cross- section for various mediums. (4) Forward propagation characteristics of the Redshifted EM radiation. Although the effects are small, the cumulative redshift in astrophysical situations can be significant. Earthly experiments are planned. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 2:39PM - 2:51PM |
J7.00008: Einstein's concept of space as energy field, or dark matter as property of space Jacques Leibovitz Einstein insisted that there is no empty space, that there is no space without a field. He stated also [1921, Stafford Little Lectures at Princeton] that ``besides the energy density of the matter there must also be given an energy density of the gravitational field, {\ldots}'' There follows that it is a field of corresponding equivalent distributed mass density. Space is also elastic and compressible. From these three properties, an equation of state is derived, followed by the derivation of an equation governing the distribution of space mass density around galaxies, the galactic flat rotation curve, and Milgrom's equation for the motion of galaxies in clusters and super clusters. The results suggest that space may be the heretofore-elusive dark matter. The distribution of space density around the Sun is derived. It shows that NASA's Pioneer anomaly (Anderson J. D. et al., Phys. Rev. D, \textbf{65}, 082004) extends to about 188 AU from the Sun. Beyond 188 AU, the anomaly decreases as $R$ increases and, at sufficiently large distance, decreases as 1/$R$. Verifiable tests are proposed. Some related future research topics are listed. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 2:51PM - 3:03PM |
J7.00009: Matching Scherrer's k essence argument with alterations of di quark scalar fields permitting an eventual cosmological constant dominated inflationary expansion Andrew Beckwith We previously showed that we can use di-quark pairs as a model of how nucleation of a new universe occurs. We now can construct a model showing evolution from a dark~matter dark~energy mix to a pure cosmological constant cosmology due to changes in the slope of the resulting scalar field, using much of Scherrer's k-essence model. This same construction permits a use of the speed of sound, in k essence models evolving from zero to one. Having the sound speed eventually reach unity permits matching conventional cosmological constant observations in the aftermath of change of slope of a di-quark pair generated scalar field during the nucleation process of a new universe. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 23, 2006 3:03PM - 3:15PM |
J7.00010: An Origin for Gravity and Electromagnetism when Mass and Specific Density are Statistical Intensive Parameters Geoffrey Holstrom Mass and specific density can be understood as intensive parameters on the distributions of formation intervals, X and V, for a particle. (ijmpa v20 {\#}15 6/20/05 p3317) Once properties form, space and time make sense for the particle. (Every X must have the same mass.) Mass can then be located by the average $<$x$>$, with time as a parameter: the Dirac equation. Mass has a fluctuation, essential for its generation. Quantum mechanics does not see this as it deals only with the average of the mass operator. Maxwell's equations occur as properties do form. Geometry again appears. The created particle properties can be located by using the Dirac equation. The curvature operator is averaged, and the coordinates are $<$x$>$ and t. A source is the intensive property of specific density. Averages are in flat as properties form in flat. Gravity occurs when properties do not form. Average of the curvature then gives an equation for the divergence of the full Riemann curvature plus the average of a three-index operator (A). Coordinates are again $<$x$>$ and t. It is an identical zero unless the space of the averages is curved. The Einstein equation can be generated from it, with T, if needed, put in by hand. Using the Weyl tensor, the Ricci and (A) tensors can be related. In empty space, (A) is zero, and the Ricci tensor is zero, as with Einstein. In non-empty space, components that are unable to form properties, are used to create (A). The equation for the derivatives of the Ricci tensor must match to it. There is no property serving as a source. [Preview Abstract] |
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