Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Annual Meeting of the Four Corners Section of the APS
Volume 59, Number 11
Friday–Saturday, October 17–18, 2014; Orem, Utah
Session K4: General Physics III |
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Chair: Mark Transtrum, Brigham Young University Room: Science Building 073 |
Saturday, October 18, 2014 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
K4.00001: Incorporating Dissipation in Quantum Dynamics Alberto Acevedo, Manuel Berrondo, Jean-Francois S. Van Huele Dissipative effects in nature are sometimes useful, often neglected, but almost always present in real physical systems. Microscopic dissipative effects offer special challenges. We discuss the application of an algebraic method designed to determine the time evolution of explicitly time-dependent quantum systems to cases where dissipation occurs. We show how the Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian which leads to a damping term in the classical equation of motion can be incorporated into the quantum operator formalism in both the position-momentum and the ladder operator algebras of quantum oscillators. We then study the time evolution of simple oscillators, driven oscillators, and optomechanically coupled oscillators. We discuss the unitarity of the evolution and compare the Caldirola-Kanai model with other approaches that include dissipation in quantum evolution. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 18, 2014 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
K4.00002: Is There A Preferred Dimensionality in Nature? Chin-yah Yeh When Newton's laws of motion in 1-D are extended to multiple dimensions, we address these questions. Are Kepler's laws valid? What is the significance of Bertrand's theorem? What role does virial theorem play? How are they applied to the hypothetical 4-D situation? It is the virial theorem that is the most telling about our dimensionality. We find that our 3-D world is indeed privileged. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 18, 2014 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
K4.00003: Elliptical-Like Orbits on a Spandex Surface Danny Weller, Chad Middleton Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun stationed at one of the ellipses' foci, as described by Kepler's 1st law. Recreating these elliptical orbits on a cylindrically symmetric surface in a uniform gravitational field has been shown to be impossible for the general case. The purpose of this project is to analyze elliptical-like orbits on a cylindrically symmetric spandex fabric. Securing a piece of spandex to a circular trampoline frame and placing a central mass on it, the fabric takes the shape of minimal energy, which can be understood by using the calculus of variations method. Using a marble one can produce elliptical-like orbits around the central mass. Lagrangian dynamics is used to theoretically describe the motion of a marble on the surface. For elliptical-like orbits with small eccentricities, we arrive at an approximate solution for the precession parameter in the small and large curvature regimes. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 18, 2014 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
K4.00004: Newtonian and general relativistic orbits with small eccentricities on 2D surfaces Chad Middleton As has previously been shown, there exists no two-dimensional (2D) cylindrically-symmetric surface residing in a uniform gravitational field that can generate the precise Newtonian-like orbits of planetary motion, except in the special case of circular orbits. Here we explore nearly circular orbits with small eccentricities on 2D surfaces. By employing a perturbative method to first-order in the eccentricity, we generate the differential equation that relates the slope of a given 2D surface to the precession parameter of the orbit. By demanding that the surface generates the stationary elliptical orbits of Newtonian gravitation with small eccentricities, we obtain the solution for the slope of this surface. We then repeat the process for general relativistic orbits about non-rotating, spherically-symmetric massive objects. By now demanding that the surface generates the precessing elliptical orbits of general relativity with small eccentricities, we find the slope of this surface and then compare it to its Newtonian counterpart. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 18, 2014 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
K4.00005: A New Look at Dark Matter and Evidence of its Existence Richard Kriske There may be evidence of the existence of a certain type of Dark Matter. It has been recently found that thermonuclear X-ray bursts on Neutron stars can eject Neutrons at Relativistic velocities of about .3 the speed of light. This lends credence to the idea that a type of Dark Matter exists which is essentially super heavy Hydrogen (Hydrogen with more than two Neutrons per Nucleus). The Super heavy Hydrogen could enter the Earth's Atmosphere and be combine with Oxygen to become Super heavy water. The Super Heavy water would be more unstable than ordinary water and when swirled in the Atmosphere may account for the Extreme Energy of Thunderstorms. Super Heavy Water that is not reacted would fall into the Oceans and gravitate to the Deepest Depths, where it could react with the Earth's Mantle or remain inert. It can be experimentally looked for in the Highly energetic Gamma Ray emissions that occur during lightning storms and in using probes to collect water in Ocean Trenches. The Water Collected in Ocean Trenches could be separated using different Gradients of Hydrofluorocarbons, much in the same way as was done during WWII to separate Heavy Water. This is an exciting Theory in that it can be confirmed experimentally and shows that Dark Matter plays a fundamental on Earth. [Preview Abstract] |
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