Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Annual Meeting of the Four Corners Section of the APS
Volume 55, Number 9
Friday–Saturday, October 15–16, 2010; Ogden, Utah
Session H2: Condensed Matter, Applications |
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Chair: Jordan Gerton, University of Utah Room: 404A |
Saturday, October 16, 2010 9:00AM - 9:24AM |
H2.00001: Electrochemistry for Energy Conversion Invited Speaker: Imagine a laptop computer that runs for 30 hours on a single charge. Imagine a world where you plug your \textit{house} into your \textit{car} and power lines are a distant memory. These dreams motivate today's fuel cell research. While some dreams (like powering your home with your fuel cell car) may be distant, others (like a 30-hour fuel cell laptop) may be closer than you think. If you are curious about fuel cells---how they work, when you might start seeing them in your daily life--- this talk is for you. Learn about the state-of-the art in fuel cells, and where the technology is likely to be headed in the next 20 years. You'll also be treated to several ``behind-the scenes'' glimpses of cutting-edge research projects under development in the Renewable Energy Materials Center at the Colorado School of Mines--- projects like an ``ionic transistor'' that works with protons instead of electrons, and a special ceramic membrane material that enables the ``uphill'' diffusion of steam. Associate Professor Ryan O'Hayre's laboratory at the Colorado School of Mines develops new materials and devices to enable alternative energy technologies including fuel cells and solar cells. Prof. O'Hayre and his students collaborate with the Colorado Fuel Cell Center, the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics, the Renewable Energy Materials Science and Engineering Center, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.\\[4pt] In collaboration with Ann Deml, Jianhua Tong, Svitlana Pylypenko, Archana Subramaniyan, Micahael Sanders, Jason Fish, Annette Bunge, Colorado School of Mines. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 16, 2010 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
H2.00002: Light Sensitivity of Diamond Monocrystals Benjamin Bentele, John Cumalat, Kevin Stenson, Steve Wagner We are investigating the use of diamonds as a low density, radiation-hard sensor for nuclear and particle research. Using a radioactive source, we have studied the response of minimum ionizing particles as a function of voltage, polarity, and time stability. While it is well known that polycrystalline diamond is light-sensitive, little is known about the light sensitivity of single crystal diamond. We will report on our studies of the diamond's electronic response to light and the diamond's internal ``polarization'' effect. We also describe our future plans. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 16, 2010 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
H2.00003: Framework defects in microporous materials Nichole Maughan, Sumner Norman, Daniel Robertson, Branton Campbell Zeolites are alumino-silicate microporous materials, having three-dimensionally connected frameworks of channels and cavities through which ions and molecules can flow. Because the atomic configuration of such a material strongly affects its useful properties, any defects present in the crystal structure will also impact those properties. Defects break the translational symmetry of a crystal, and thereby transfer scattered intensity out of the compact Bragg reflections and into a continuous but structured diffuse background, which appears as fuzzy streaks in CCD x-ray scattering images. Several zeolite analogs with the AFI framework type exhibit strong diffuse scattering patterns in addition to the expected Bragg scattering, leading us to believe that its framework structure is prone to topological defects. We are working to characterize these defects using single-crystal diffuse scattering data. We have generated a number of candidate defect models and calculated their corresponding diffuse scattering patterns in order to compare them against the experimental data. Ultimately, we aim to find an atomistic-defect model that accurately that explains the data. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 16, 2010 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
H2.00004: A unified model of charge transport in highly insulating materials Alec Sim We present results on a detailed study of electron transport in highly disordered insulating materials, (HDIM). Since HDIMs do not lend themselves to a lattice construct, the question arises how can we describe their behaviour in a consistent theoretical framework. The unification of a large group of experiments, theories and models is brought together in a single formalism to answer this question. It is shown that carrier transport in HDIMs is governed by the density of states, (DOS) in the band gap, subsequent trapping and de-trapping, physical models and the transport equations. We facilitate the discussion with a simple set of DOS models. First a discussion of microscopic kinetics in the band gap is presented. It is shown that trapping, de- trapping, the transport energy, quasi Fermi level, segregation time and recombination as general concepts determine the character of the transport. This microscopic picture gives rise to a clear understanding of the macroscopic carrier transport in HDIMs. Finally it is shown that a simple set of transport equations when cast in the new formalism gives rise to a wide array of experimentally observed behaviours. We conclude with a discussion of four experimental applications used by the USU space environments effects group. [Preview Abstract] |
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